AP Language and Composition Vocab Flashcards

7538459166	audience	listener, view, or reader of a text	0
7538461000	concession	an acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.	1
7538469232	connotation	meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition	2
7538475713	Context	circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text	3
7538480518	Counterargument	an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward.	4
7538486613	Ethos	speakers appeal to credibility and trustworthiness.	5
7538493216	Logos	Appeal to reason, logic, and rational ideas	6
7538497048	Occasion	time and place a speech is given or a piece is written	7
7538501807	Pathos	appeal to emotionally motivate audience	8
7538506279	Persona	face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience	9
7538511362	Polemic	argument that tries to establish superiority of one opinion over all others	10
7538519259	Propaganda	Spread of ideas and information to further a cause	11
7538526161	Purpose	Goal of speaker	12
7538529337	Refutation	A denial of validity of an opposing argument.	13
7538534266	Rhetoric	art of finding ways to persuade people	14
7538538376	Rhetorical appeals	techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. Ethos, Pathos, and Logos	15
7538550649	Rhetorical triangle	relationship between speaker, audience, and subject	16
7538557089	SOAPS	Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker	17
7538564208	Speaker	person who creates a text	18
7538566532	Subject	topic of text	19
7538568509	Text	written word	20
7538578371	Alliteration	repetition of same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence	21
7538583337	Allusion	brief reference to a person, event, or place	22
7538587255	Anaphora	repetition of word or phrase at beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	23
7538595257	anitmetabole	repetition of words in reverse order	24
7538602273	antithesis	opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in parallel construction	25
7538607255	archaic diction	old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	26
7538612451	asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	27
7538620444	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes main idea at beginning of sentence and then builds and adds on	28
7538627917	hortative sentence	sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action	29
7538632931	imperative sentence	sentence used to command or enjoin	30
7538636535	inversion	inverted order of words in a sentence	31
7538639458	juxtaposition	placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences	32
7538647132	metaphor	compare two things without using like or as	33
7538649744	oxymoron	paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another	34
7538656693	parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	35
7538662805	periodic sentence	sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	36
7538669179	synedoche	use a part to represent the whole	37
7538671915	zeugma	use of two different words in grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings	38
7538691687	ad hominem	switching argument from issue at hand to character of the other speaker	39
7538697633	bandwagon appeal	occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it"	40
7538702870	appeal to false authority	occurs when someone with no expertise speaks on an issue	41
7538710937	argument	a process of reasoned inquiry	42
7538719076	backing	further assurances or data without assumption lacks authority	43
7538725443	begging the question	claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt	44
7538729814	circular reasoning	writer repeats claim as a way to provide evidence	45
7538736507	claim	states argument or main idea	46
7538739036	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	47
7538742351	claim of policy	proposes change	48
7538744887	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable	49
7538749669	classical oration: -introduction -narration -confirmation -refutation -conclusion	five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians	50
7538762956	closed thesis	statement of main idea of argument that previews major points writer intends to make	51
7538769951	deduction	logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting general principle or universal truth and applying it to specific case	52
7538779084	either/or	speaker presents two extreme options as only possible choice	53
7538784966	faulty analogy	analogy compares two things that are not comparable	54
7538792848	first-hand evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows, whether it's from personal experience, observations, and general knowledge	55
7538802907	hasty generalization	faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence	56
7538810496	induction	logical process whereby the writer reasons from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw conclusion	57
7538818444	logical fallacy	potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument	58
7538823517	open thesis	does not list all points the writer intends to cover in essay	59
7538828954	post hoc ergo propter hoc	incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier	60
7538840327	qualifier	uses words like usually, probably, maybe, and most likely to temper claim, making it less absolute	61
7538848731	rebuttal	voices objections	62
7538851876	reservation	explains terms and conditions necessitated by qualifier	63
7538862438	rogerian arguments	arguments based on assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it	64
7538870831	second-hand evidence	evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation	65
7538877134	straw man	speaker chooses deliberately poor or oversimplified example	66
7538885019	syllogism	logical structure that uses major premise and minor premise to reach necessary conclusion	67
7538902015	Toulmin model	approach to analyzing and constructing arguments	68
7538894614	warrant	expresses assumption necessarily shared by speaker and audience	69