Microevolution Flashcards

6223662215	Population	A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time, and which are capable of interbreeding.	0
6223662216	Gene Pool	Consists of all genes, including all the different alleles, that are present in a population.	1
6223662217	Allele Frequency	the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool, compared to the total number of alleles in that pool for the same gene	2
6223662218	Natural Selection	Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest	3
6223662219	Adaptation	A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.	4
6223662220	Acquired Traits	characteristics that develop as an organism interacts with its environment; result from learning - not genetics	5
6223662221	Genetic Traits	characteristics or traits acquired from our parents	6
6223662222	Directional Selection	Form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve	7
6223662223	Adaptive Radiation	Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities.	8
6223662224	Stabilizing Selection	Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes	9
6223662225	Artificial Selection	Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms	10
6223662226	Gene Flow	Gene flow introduces new genes into a population and also acts to make populations more similar genetically to one another	11
6223662227	Genetic Drift	A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance.	12
6223662228	Bottleneck Effect	Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.	13
6223662229	Founder Effect	Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population.	14
6223662230	Convergent Evolution	Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments	15
6223662231	Divergent Evolution	when two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time	16
6223662232	Coevolution	Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time	17
6223662233	Mutation	A random change in DNA	18
6223662234	Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium	How often an allele appears, used to measure genetic variation in a population. Five conditions must be met.	19
6223662235	p	Represents the the dominant allele	20
6223662236	q	Represents the recessive allele	21
6223662237	2pq	Represents the heterozygous genotype	22