AP Language & Composition Flashcards

6926077422	Aristotelian appeals	Three different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos.	0
6926092611	Attitude	The writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand.	1
6934408629	Analogy	Explaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple.	2
6934411131	Argument	The combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position.	3
6934413660	Audience	Who the author is directing his or her message towards	4
6934415358	Compare and contrast	Discussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose.	5
6934416727	Connotation	The implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations.	6
6934418272	Context	The extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered.	7
6934420307	Counterargument	The argument(s) against the author's position.	8
6934425159	Deductive reasoning	A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case.	9
6934426790	Denotation	The literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word.	10
6934427959	Diction	The style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation.	11
6934431561	Ethos	Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy.	12
6934434114	Evidence	The information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position.	13
6934436921	Figurative language	The use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc.	14
6934439074	Genre	The specific type of work being presented.	15
6934441284	Imagery	Any descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language.	16
6934443580	Implication	When something is suggested without being concretely stated.	17
6934445142	Inductive reasoning	Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand.	18
6934447200	Irony	At the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended	19
6934449512	Juxtaposition	Placing two very different things together for effect.	20
6934455091	Logos	Appealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic.	21
6934456600	Occasion	The reason or moment for writing or speaking.	22
6934458889	Organization	How the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech.	23
6934460712	Pathos	An Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions.	24
6934461865	Purpose	The author's persuasive intention.	25
6934465392	Repetition	Re-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis.	26
6934468022	Rhetoric	The use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience.	27
6934470119	Rhetorical triangle	The relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context.	28
6934471573	Speaker	The persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message; may or may not actually be the same person as the author.	29
6934475775	Style	The author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice.	30
6934477528	Symbolism	Using a symbol to refer to an idea or concept.	31
6934479432	Syntax	The way sentences are grammatically constructed.	32
6934481299	Synthesis	Combining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point.	33
6934482790	Themes	Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.	34
6934484459	Tone	The use of stylistic devices to reveal an author's attitude toward a subject.	35
6934486459	Voice	An author's unique sound. Similar to style.	36
6934491214	Alliteration	Using words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence.	37
6934492557	Allusion	Making a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc.	38
6934494007	Anecdote	Offering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on.	39
6934496279	Concession	Agreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument).	40
6934497936	Didactic	A text with an instructive purpose, often moral.	41
6934499317	Euphemism	Referring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly	42
6934500458	Exemplification	Providing examples in service of a point.	43
6934501696	Hyperbole	Overstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect.	44
6934502735	Idiom	A commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning.	45
6934502745	Onomatopoeia	Using "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz).	46
6934506556	Paradox	A phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning).	47
6934508202	Parallelism	Repeated structural elements in a sentence.	48
6934509831	Parody	Using the form of something to mimic and make fun of it.	49
6934511333	Personification	Giving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea.	50
6934512857	Sarcasm	Mockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing.	51
6934514320	Satire	A genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society.	52
6934515772	Synecdoche	Referring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole.	53
6934518982	Understatement	Deliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect.	54