AP World History: Period 5 Timeline Flashcards

6705956290	Mid-17th Century- 18th Century Enlightenment	-Period in history where western thoughts and cultural ideas were characterized by dramatic revolutions in science, philosophy, society and politics. -Intellectual and philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe	0
6705973696	1756 7 Year War	-War that struggled with two issues: One centered on the maritime and colonial conflict between Britain and its Bourbon enemies, France and Spain; the second, on the conflict between Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia and his opponents: Austria, France, Russia, and Sweden. -France won and became the major colonial power in the Americas	1
6706482874	1760-1840 Industrial Revolution	-Period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. -The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history with the transition to new manufacturing processes -Transition included the change from hand production methods and tools to machines, new technological advances with the use of improved water power and steam power, and rise of factory systems	2
6706484548	1764 Sugar Act Begins British attempt to control colonies	-Designed to raise revenue from the American colonists in the 13 Colonies -British legislation aimed at ending the smuggling trade in sugar and molasses from the French and Dutch West Indies and at providing increased revenues to fund enlarged British Empire responsibilities following the French and Indian War -Provided for strong customs enforcement of the duties on refined sugar and molasses imported into the colonies from non-British Caribbean sources	3
6706492014	1765 British East India Company gains control of Bengal and Bihar	-British East India Company gained control of much of the territory that is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and other territories in Southeast Asia for Great Britain. -The company carried on an extensive trade throughout a vast area and became the major political power throughout India, finally losing its position in 1858.	4
6706513338	1769 Steam engine invented	-Watt steam engine was the first type of steam engine to make use of a separate condenser. -Was an improvement on the design of the 1712 Newcomen steam engine and was a key point in the Industrial Revolution. -Watt set out to improve the performance of Newcomen's engine and by 1769 had arrived at the conclusion: if the steam were condensed separately from the cylinder, the cylinder could always be kept hot. That year he introduced the design of a steam engine that had a separate condenser and sealed cylinders.	5
6706518834	1773 Boston Tea Party	-Incident in which 342 chests of tea belonging to the British East India Company were thrown from ships into Boston Harbor by American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians. -Was in protest of the British Parliament's Tea Act of 1773, a bill designed to save the faltering East India Company by greatly lowering its tea tax and granting it a virtual monopoly on the American tea trade.	6
6706518862	1775 Battle of Lexington and Concord Start of American Revolution	-The Battles of Lexington and Concord, fought on April 19, 1775, kicked off the American Revolutionary War. Tensions had been building for many years between residents of the 13 American colonies and the British authorities. -Hundreds of British troops marched from Boston to nearby Concord in order to seize an arms cache. Paul Revere and other riders sounded the alarm, and colonial militiamen began mobilizing to intercept the Redcoat column. -A confrontation on the Lexington town green started off the fighting, and soon the British were hastily retreating under intense fire.	7
6706530791	1776 Declaration of Independence	-The colonists were at odds with Britain as they imposed new taxes and the frontier policy - Gained independence from Great Britain -The 13 free states formed to create the United States of America and soon later declared war with Britain	8
6706533677	1789-1799 French Revolution	-The revolution ended when Napoleon took power in 1799 -The revolution led to the end or fall of the French Monarchy called the Ancien Regime -one of the reasons the French Revolution occurred was because the enlightenment ideals made people think that an absolute monarchy wasn't the best way to rule a country and the idea of democracy took way	9
6706535562	1791-1804 Haitian Revolution	-Haitian Revolution occurred in the french colony of Saint-Domingue to abolish slavery -The main leaders were former slaves: Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines -Haiti was claimed by Christopher Columbus and renamed it Hispanola. Columbus nearly killed all the inhabitants and the french began to import millions of slaves to keep up with the plantations located there.	10
6706537030	1807 End of Atlantic Slave trade	-The Atlantic Slave Trade was the selling of African slaves by Europeans -William Wilberforce was one of the main leaders of the abolition of the slave trade -Unfortunately, illegal trading of slaves occurred for over 60 years after the abolition	11
6706543950	1812 War of 1812	-The war of 1812 was between the United States and Great Britain -The U.S. declared war because: 1. Tax restrictions 2. The impressment of over 10,000 American sailors into the Royal Navy 3. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair 4. U.S. interest in expanding it's borders to the west	12
6706547105	1814-1815 Congress of Vienna	-the congress of vienna was an assembly that recognized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars -the plan was to provide a long term peace treaty for Europe - The goal of the congress was to restore old boundaries and resize the main powers so they could balance each other	13
6706550268	1823 Monroe Doctrine	-The Monroe Doctrine was a policy that opposed European Colonialism in the U.S. -The doctrine was issued at almost the same time as all Latin American countries gained independence -President James Monroe was the first to state the Doctrine hence the name "Monroe Doctrine"	14
6706562491	1839-1864 Opium Wars	-War fought between Britain and Qing China over continuation of British trade of opium -China realized the negative effect of Opium had on China -Chinese official, Lin Zexu, ordered blockade of opium in areas of southern China and was sent into exile following the Opium wars -Resulted in a British victory and opening of Hong Kong as a British port of trade	15
6707419705	1850-1864 Taiping Rebellion The Taiping Civil War	-An uprising in Southern China led by Hong Xiuquan, a chinese semi-christianized prophet that attacked traditional Confucian teachings of the Chinese elite -Taipings offered programs for: social reforms, land redistribution, and the liberation of women, and attacked the traditional Confucian elite and the learning on which its authority claims it rests on. They also sought to develop a simplified script and mass literacy -Zeng Guofan, a scholar-gentry official, raised effective military forces just in time to fend of Taiping assaults on northern China -Zeng and his allies in the government placed reforms to root out corruption in the bureaucracy and revive the stagnating Chinese economy	16
6707739456	1861-1865 American Civil War	-Civil war in the United States of America between southern Confederates and the northern Union over the depart of the South -The South depended on plantations for their source of income and economy support, while the North depended on factories and industries for their source of income -A crucial part of plantations were African slaves who were forced to work on plantations -After Abraham Lincoln threatened to get rid of their way of agricultural practice, the South threatened leaving the United States, naming themselves the Confederates -The Civil War resulted in a Union victory and the freedom of African slaves, however after the war, many free African slaves were "forced" to work again under the massive debt to the white plantation owners	17
6707749483	1884-1885 Berlin Conference	-A meeting between European nations to create rules on how to peacefully divide Africa among them for colonization -Cause: European nations' need for: Natural resources to make goods Potential markets to sell these goods -Since the boundaries/borders of the African states were drawn without thought for the ethnic groups that exist within the land, conflicts between ethnic groups/tribes arose during and after colonization of Africa	18
6711139448	November 2, 1898-September 7, 1901 Boxer Rebellion	-Popular outburst aimed at expelling foreigners from China -Failed because of the intervention of armies of Western powers in China -Resulted in Chinese defeat and enhanced control by Europeans and the power of provincial officials	19