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AP European History Review (1918-1945) Flashcards

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6522064206Nietzche and BergsonWhat were two philosophers who emphasized intuition and creativity?0
6522069731God is dead; supermanWhat were Nietzche's ideas?1
6522072856TimeWhat topic did Bergson and Einstein define differently?2
6522076337FreudWhich psychologist posited a theory about our unconscious as the source of behavior?3
6522082448PhotographyWhat new art form encouraged many artists to abandon realistic painting?4
6522084735Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Berthe Morisot, Camille PissaroWho were some impressionist artists?5
6522090912Post-ImpressionistsWhat was the name for Van Gogh, Cezanna, and Gauguin collectively?6
6522535119Braque, PicassoWho were some cubist artists?7
6522540899DadaWhat art style did Tristan Tzara and John Heartfield participate in?8
6522543305Speed, violence, machines, youthWhat were the traits of futurism?9
6522548593Otto Dix, George GroszWho were some German Expressionist painters?10
6522550956Dali, Rene MagritteWho were some surrealist painters?11
6522556305Writing (novels, poetry, stories)What art form did the Lost Generation practice?12
6522559976United StatesWhat country was the Lost Generation from?13
6522561454ParisIn what city did the Lost Generation gather?14
6522563231Gertrude SteinWhat woman was the guiding light of the Lost Generation?15
6522565863E. Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, E.L. Pound, Kay BoyleWho were some writers of the Lost Generation?16
6522571074Disillusionment, sadnessWhat emotions did the Lost Generation reflect?17
6522574874GermanyIn what country was the Weimar Republic established?18
6522579565via emergency decreesHow did article 48 of the constitution allow the president to rule?19
6522587475CoalitionWhat word describes the Weimar government as consisting of multiple parties working together, none with a majority?20
6522592894Invaded the RuhrHow did France respond when Germany stopped paying reparations?21
6522596680Sit-down strikeHow did Germany respond to France's invasion of the Ruhr?22
6522599696HyperinflationWhat was the effect of the sit-down strike on Germany?23
6522602532Printing new currencyHow did the Weimar Republic end hyperinflation?24
6522607653Dawes PlanWhat American-led idea set a new schedule for German reparations?25
6522610820BavariaWhich government did Hitler try to take over in 1923?26
6522615346King appointed himHow did Mussolini become Prime Minister of Italy?27
65226179081922In what year did Mussolini become Prime Minister?28
6522620613March on RomeHow did Mussolini celebrate his promotion to Prime Minister?29
6522623725Acerbo LawWhat 1923 law changed the distribution of seats in parliament?30
6523857814Party with the majority received 2/3 of seatsHow did the Acerbo law distribute seats?31
6523866025Battle of the Lira, Battle of the Babies; Grain; MarshesWhat were some of Mussolini's "Battles"?32
6523871114PopeWith whom did Mussolini sign the Lateran Agreements?33
6523873617Made Vatican City; paid Pope for lands taken by Italy; Church allowed to provide religious educationWhat were the terms of the Lateran Agreements of 1929?34
6523879983NEP (New Economic Policy)What economic program was considered a step backwards from war communism?35
6523890895Peasants could sell excess grain; small businesses were legalizedWhat was "new" about the New Economic Policy?36
6523896786Heavy Industry (eg. steel, oil)What was the emphasis of the first Five-Year Plan?37
6523902389Few consumer goods madeWhat was the disadvantage of the first Five-Year Plan?38
6523904419Sergei KirovWhose assassination led Stalin to begin the purges?39
6523906416People of all classes and professionsWhom did Stalin purge?40
6523909569Forcing peasants to work state-owned farmsWhat was collectivization?41
6523912814KulaksWhat group of peasants resisted collectivization?42
6523914700the gulagWhat was the name for the prison camp system?43
6523916700EthiopiaWhat country did Mussolini attack in 1935?44
6523920445economic sanctionsHow did the League of Nations respond to Mussolini's attack on Ethiopia?45
6523923095PetroleumWhat crucial product did the League not sanction?46
6523926498Re-militarization of the Rhineland; anschluss (union of Germany and Austria)What were some of Hitler's violations of the Versailles Treaty?47
6523934333Germany, Italy, France, BritainWhat 4 countries were represented at the Munich Conference?48
6523938141They appeased himHow did France and Britain treat Hitler at the Munich Conference?49
6523941458Annex the SudetenlandWhat did the Munich Pact allow Hitler to do?50
6523944988He seized CzechoslovakiaHow did Hitler later violate the Munich Pact?51
6523947952AlbaniaWhat country did Mussolini seize in 1939?52
65239509951936-39What years was the Spanish Civil War fought?53
6523953761What were the two sides in the Spanish Civil War?Nationalists and Republicans54
6523956324Soldiers and the Catholic ChurchWhich people supported the Nationalists?55
6523959619The Soviet UnionWho supported the Republicans?56
6523963142Germany and ItalyWhich two foreign powers supported the Nationalists?57
6523966774NationalistsWhich side won the Spanish Civil War?58
6523969897FascismWhat was the political ideology of the Nationalists?59
6523972401Francisco FrancoWho was the leader of the Nationalists?60
6523976501GuernicaWhat famous Picasso painting shows Nazi carpet bombing?61
6523980699Practice for WWIIHow was the Spanish Civil War helpful to other countries?62
65239859291929In what year did the Great Depression start?63
6523987622The U.S.In what country did the Great Depression start?64
6523990449stock market crashHow did the Great Depression start?65
6523993568Government spending, particularly on public worksHow did John Maynard Keynes suggest that countries deal with the Depression?66
6523998299GermanyWhich European country started spending heavily on public works?67
6524001347AutobahnsWhat is the famous example of Hitler's public works spending?68
6524006826Nazi-Soviet PactWhat agreement did Germany and the U.S.S.R. sign in August 1939?69
6524009648The two countries would not fight each otherWhat was the public part of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?70
6524019962Germany and the U.S.S.R. would split PolandWhat was the secret part of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?71
65240251591941In what year did Hitler violate the Nazi-Soviet Pact?72
6524025160He invaded the Soviet UnionHow did Hitler violate the Nazi-Soviet Pact?73
6524032185ThreeInto how many major parts did Hitler divide his forces?74
6524035813scorched earthWhat strategy did the Soviets use as they retreated from Hitler?75
6524042092LeningradWhat city did Hitler besiege for 3 years but fail to capture?76
6524045003StalingradWhat city became the turning point battle?77
6524047163Nazi units dedicated to killing Jews in the U.S.S.R.Who were the Einsatzgruppen?78
6524052439Greece, YugoslaviaWhat two countries did Germany have to help Italy conquer in 1941?79
6524056112Erwin RommelWhat General did Hitler send to North Africa to help Italy?80
6524060756MontgomeryWhat general did the British pit against Rommel?81
6524063326El AlameinWhat was the turning point in North Africa?82
6524068379SicilyWhat area of Italy did the Allies invade first?83
6524070539Hitler took over northern ItalyWhat happened when Italy tried to surrender?84
6524073051Badly-he was shotHow did the war end for Mussolini?85
6524083745Germany's invasion of Poland (1 Sep. 1939)When did World War II in Europe start?86
6524090013blitzkriegWhat tactic did Hitler first use in Poland?87
6524093279rapid; uses surprise; planes, tanks, and infantry togetherWhat were some features of blitzkrieg?88
6524101903Phony warWhat was the period from October 1939 to March 1940 called?89
6524104595Norway, Denmark, France, Belgium, NetherlandsWhat countries did Hitler invade in spring of 1940?90
6524108660DunkirkWhat city were over 300,000 British and French troops evacuated from?91
6524110979Occupied France and Vichy FranceWhat two sections did Hitler divide France into?92
6524114355French ruled themselves as German puppetsWhat was unique about Vichy France?93
6524115811BritainWhat was Germany's target after taking France?94
6524119520It was fought in the airWhat was unique about the Battle of Britain?95
6524122659D-DayWhat is the name for the Allied invasion of France of 1944?96
6524125088BerlinAfter D-Day, what city did the Allies ultimately want to reach?97
6524130517Battle of the BulgeWhat is the name for Hitler's effort to stop the Americans?98
6524133522SovietsWhich Allied force reached Berlin first?99
6524133523He killed himself.What happened to Hitler?100
6524136688UnconditionalWhat type of surrender did the Allies ask for?101
6524138872Europein which theater of war did the Axis surrender first?102
6524140628Nuremberg LawsWhat German laws banned citizenship for Jews?103
65241438511935In what year were the Nuremberg laws passed?104
6524147218the Night of Broken GlassWhat was the name for the 1938 destruction and looting of Jewish stores?105
6524151436Labor camps and death campsWhat were the two types of concentration camps?106
6524153881Shooting themWhat was the first method the Nazis used to kill Jews?107
6524155489killing Jews in gas chambersWhat was the Final Solution?108
6524157762Around 6 millionHow many Jews did the Nazis kill?109
6524160854Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's WitnessesWho else besides Jews and Nazis were put in concentration camps?110
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