Biology Flashcards

9071879444	Biosphere	The largest level of ecological organization	0
9071879445	Abiotic factor	Nonliving factor inside an ecosystem	1
9071879446	Population	Groups of organisms of the same species that live in the same place at the same time	2
9071879447	Ecosystem	A collection of different communities as well as abiotic factors	3
9071879448	The sun	Ultimate energy source for all living organisms	4
9071879449	Autotroph (producer)	Organism that is able to make its own food	5
9071879450	Decomposer	Breaks down dead organic matter	6
9071879451	10%	Amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next	7
9071879452	Mutualism	Two species live together...both benefit	8
9071879453	Predator-prey relationship	One species hunts and kills another species	9
9071879454	Omnivore	Eats both plants and animals	10
9071879455	Exponential growth		11
9071879456	Logistic growth		12
9071879457	Pioneer species	The first organisms to grow successfully in a newly formed rock formation	13
9071879458	Primary succession		14
9071879459	Secondary succession		15
9071879460	Climax community	Form when succession slows down and a stable community is established. Little to no species change	16
9071879461	Carnivore	Eats only meat	17
9071879462	Herbivore	Eats only plants	18
9071879463	Heterotroph (consumer)	Organism that must eat other organisms for food/energy	19
9071879464	Parasitism	Two organisms live together...one is benefited while the other is harmed	20
9071879465	Commensalism	Two organisms live together...one is benefited while the other is unaffected	21
9071879466	Soil bacteria	Responsible for "fixing nitrogen" and recycling it back into the atmosphere	22
9071879467	Carrying capacity	The maximum number of organisms that an environment can support	23
9071879468	Ecological succession	The regular progression of species replacement in an environment	24
9071879469	Limiting factors	Components of an environment that can reduce a population size	25
9071879470	Community	A collection of all of the various populations occupying a single area	26
9071879471	Nitrogen	Makes up 80% of the atmosphere	27
9071879472	Nitrification	Process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into nitrates	28
9071879473	Denitrification	Process of converting nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen (N2)	29
9071879474	Decomposer	Breaks down dead organic matter	30
9071879475	Producer	Organisms that make their own food (autotrophs).	31
9071879476	Primary Consumer	Organisms that eat autotrophs. They are herbivores.	32
9071879477	Secondary Consumer	Largely feed on primary consumers. Includes omnivores and carnivores.	33
9071879478	Tertiary Consumer	Largely feeds on carnivores or secondary consumers.	34
9071879479	Apex Predator	Each food chain end with a top predator, an animal with no natural enemies.	35
9071879480	biome	a very large ecological areas on the earth's surface, with animals and plants adapting to their environment	36
9071879481	ecosystem	everything that exists in a particular environment; living and non-living (abiotic factors)	37
9071879482	pyramid of energy	a graphical model of energy flow in a community shaped like pyramids because of the loss of energy between different levels	38
9071879483	community	groups of different species interacting in an area	39
9071879484	species	a group of animals or plants that are similar and can reproduce (have babies)	40
9071879485	food chain	a series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food	41
9071879486	trophic level	organisms are on the same level of the food chain; have the same function (both mice and ants eat grass-primary consumer) Organisms in a food web can occupy more than one trophic level organisms should be positioned at their highest trophic level	42
9071879487	biotic factors	Anything in an ecosystem that originates from living things interactions between organisms	43
9071879488	population	a group of organisms of the same species that live in a place	44
9071879489	food web	a series of organisms related by predator-prey and consumer-resource interactions 1. Organisms can have more than one food source 2. Organisms can have more than one predator	45
9071879490	abiotic factors	Non-living chemical and physical parts of an environment Environmental conditions some examples include Light (sun) temperature, salinity, rainfall, wind velocity, soil pH,	46
9071879491	niche	the way in which an organism fits into an ecological community or ecosystem	47
9071879492	nutrient cycle	when organic and inorganic material change back to living matter	48
9071879493	producers	use photosynthesis (using light energy) or chemosynthesis (using chemical energy) to make organic compounds	49
9071879494	consumer	organisms of a food chain that get energy by eating other organisms	50
9071879495	inorganic nutrients	nutrients that do not have carbon (water and minerals)	51
9071879496	autotroph	synthesise organic molecules from simple inorganic substances Make their own food from non-living substances	52
9071879497	saprotrophs	an organism that feeds on decaying organic matter an organism that lives on or in non-living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion.	53
9071879498	detritivores	an animal which feeds on dead organic material	54
9071879499	heterotroph	An organism that cannot make its own food and instead gets its food and energy by taking in organic substances, usually plant or animal matter They eat other living things Can be classified by their feeding patterns	55
9071879500	trophic efficiency	percentage (%) of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next	56
9071879501	ten percent rule	an average of 10% of energy is passed on to the next trophic level	57
9071879502	detritus	the pieces that are left (i.e. when a living organism dies)	58
9071879503	habitat	the environment where a species normally lives, or the location of a living organism	59
9071879504	ecology	the study of the relationship between living organisms, or between living organisms and their environment	60
9071879505	symbiosis	when two organisms interact and are together	61
9071879506	mutualims	symbiosis when both organisms benefit	62
9071879507	commensalism	symbiosis when one organism benefits and the other doesn't either benefit nor harm	63
9071879508	parasitism	a parasite lives within or on something else	64
9071879509	intraspecific	within species	65
9071879510	interspecific	between species	66
9071879511	primary consumers	feed on producers and hence occupy the second trophic level	67
9071879512	secondary consumer	eat primary consumer	68
9071879513	trietary consumer	eat secondary consumer	69
9071879514	photoautotrophic	they use sunlight as a source of energy This makes light the initial source of energy for almost all communities	70
9071879515	Pyramid of Biomass	shows the total mass of organisms at each stage of a food chain	71
9071879516	A pyramid of numbers	shows the relative number of organisms at each stage of a food chain Shaped like pyramid because less organisms higher the trophic level	72
9071879517	swamp	An area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh.	73
9071879518	vaporize	Convert or be converted into vapour.	74