AP Biology Functional Groups Flashcards

10552041361	Phosphate Group	consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. Found in ATP energy molecules, DNA, and phospholipids	0
10552041362	Amino Group	composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms It acts as a base by picking up H+ from a solution. Organic compounds with an amino group are called amines. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain a carboxyl and an amino group.	1
10552041363	Carbonyl Group	a carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom. If the carbon of the carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the compound is called an aldehyde; if it is within the chain, the compound is called a ketone. Sugars contain carbonyl group	2
10552041364	Hydroxyl Group	consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom Ethanol and other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups are called alcohols.	3
10552041365	Sulfhydryl group	consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen Found in amino acids of proteins, help stabilize protein structure	4
10552041366	Carboxyl Group	carbon double bonded to an oxygen and also bonded to a hydroxyl -OH Acts as acid because it donates H+	5
10552041367	Methyl group	consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogens. Compounds with these groups are called methylated compounds. Affects gene expression when on DNA	6