Stearns AP World History Chapter 8 Flashcards

7661982175	Stateless Societies	African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states	0
7661982176	Sundiata	The "Lion Prince"; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died about 1260	1
7661982177	Griots	Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire	2
7661982178	Ibn Batuta	(b. 1304) Arab traveler who described societies and cultures in his travel records	3
7661982179	Timbuktu	Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River; populations 50,000; contained a library and university	4
7661982180	Songhay	Successor state to Mali; sominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali (1464-1492)	5
7661982181	Great Zimbabwe	Bantu confederation of Shona-speaking peoples located between Zambezi and Limpopo rivers; developed after 9th century; featured royal courts built of stone; created centralized state by 15th century; king took title of Mwene Mutapa	6
7661982182	Sahel	The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara	7
7661982183	Mali	Empire centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers; created by the Malinke peoples who had broken away from Ghana control in the 13th century; Islamic kingdom based on agriculture and trade	8
7661982184	Kilwa	Coastal east African city; flourished in the context of international trade; advantageous in its access to gold coming from the interior and its location as the furthest point south from which the ships sailing from India could hope to return in a single monsoon season	9
7661982185	Axum	Christian kingdom in Ethiopia; most important African Christian outpost	10
7661982186	Ghana	Founded around 3rd century CE; rose to power by taxing salt and gold exchanged within its borders; invaded by Almoravids in 1076	11
7661982187	Swahili	"Coastal"; Bantu-based and Arabic-influenced language based in coastal east African trading ports	12
7661982188	Bantu	Language structure that provided a linguistic base across much of Afirca	13
7661982189	Sunni Ali	(1464-1492) Greatest leader of Songhay empire; seized Timbuktu and created line of Muslim rulers (askia)	14
7661982190	Almoravids	Followers of a great puritanical reformist movement c. 11th century; desert Berbers of the western Sahara; moved south against the African kingdoms of the savanna and west into Spain on the course of a jihad	15
7661982191	Mansa Musa	(c. 1312-1337) Most famous successor of Sundiata; pilgrimage in 1324 brought attention of Muslim world to Mali; devalued gold by giving too much away	16
7661982192	Askia Muhammad	Also known as Muhammad the Great; successor of Sunni Ali in the mid-16th century; extended the boundaries of the Songhay Empire	17