AP Huge-Agriculture Flashcards

13060572224	Intertillage	practice of mixing different seeds and seedlings in the same swidden	0
13060572225	swidden	A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.	1
13060572226	Slash/burn	when an area of vegetation is cut down and burned before being planted with crops.	2
13060572227	Market Gardening	the growing of vegetables or flowers for market	3
13060572228	Pastoral Nomadism	A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.	4
13060572229	Antibiotics	Drugs that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria	5
13060572230	Biodiversity	the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.	6
13060572231	Sustainability	The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained	7
13060572232	Intercropping	Growing two or more different crops at the same time on a plot.	8
13060572233	Suitcase Farms	a commercial farm in which no one lives, and work/harvesting is done by migratory workers	9
13060572234	Multicropping	growing several species of plants in a single garden	10
13060572235	Shifting Cultivation	A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.	11
13060572236	Meditteranean	Mediterranean climates are not too hot or cold. They are found around the Mediterranean Sea, near Cape Town in South Africa and Melbourne in Australia.	12
13060572237	Thresher/reaper	grain production; harvest plants when ripe	13
13060572238	Feedlots(CAFO)	Places where livestock are concentrated in a very small area and raised on hormones and hearty grains that prepare them for slaughter at a much more rapid rate than grazing; often referred to as factory farms.	14
13060572239	Biomass	A measure of the total dry mass of organisms within a particular region	15
13060572240	Recycling	Convert waste into reusable material.	16
13060572241	Luxury crops (cash/specialty crops)	Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco	17
13060572242	Monoculture	farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year	18
13060572243	Crop Rotation	The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.	19
13060572244	Mixed Farming	Raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm	20
13060572245	Deindustrialization	Loss of industrial activity in a region.	21
13060572246	NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.	22
13060572247	Fermentation	The chemical breakdown of a substance by microorganisms; yeast on sugars	23
13060572248	Conservative	traditional	24
13060572249	Ridge Tillage	System of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.	25
13060572250	Deforestation	the action of clearing a wide area of trees.	26
13060572251	Plantation	A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.	27
13060572252	Terracing	creating flat platforms in the hillside that provide a level planting surface, which reduces soil runoff from the slope.	28
13060572253	Large-Scale Agriculture	in this kind of farming, people produce more than enough crops, and usually have a surplus left over	29
13060572254	Devolution	the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states	30
13060572255	Aquaculture	Raising marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages	31
13060572256	Irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land	32
13060572257	Hydroponics	a technique of growing plants (without soil) in water containing dissolved nutrients	33
13060572258	Cottage Industry Farms	Farms managed and carried out in a persons house	34
13060572259	Agriculture	the purposeful tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food for human consumption	35
13060572260	Tarrifs	A tax on imported goods (international taxes)	36
13060572261	Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.	37
13060572262	Nomatic	wandering, moving from place to place	38
13060572263	Site(permanent)	soil quality,climate,landforms	39
13060572264	Situations (can change)	the location of a place relative to other places	40
13060572265	Climate	air temp. + percipitation	41
13060572266	1st Agricultural Revolution (1400s years ago)	Dating back 10,000 years, the First Agricultural Revolution achieved plant domestication and animal domestication Subsistence Sedentary *Primitive Food Storage (roots,seeds,animals,tools)	42
13060572267	2nd Agricultural Revolution(1750s-1930s)	period of technological change from the 1600s to mid-1900s beginning in Western Europe with industrial innovations to replace human labor with machines and to supplement natural fertilizers and pesticides with chemical ones trade specialization(commercial) Food Storage Improved Irrigation Mechanisms Infrastructures *Food Surplus	43
13060572268	3rd Agricultural Revolution (1940s-today)	Currently in progress, its principal orientation is on the development of genetically modified organisms. Also known as the green revolution. reduced famine high-yield grains(rice) Corporate/Commercial farms gis/gps agribusiness GMOS mechanized tools/machinery Biogenetics	44
13060572269	Green Revolution	a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.	45
13060572270	Transhumance	The movements of livestock according to seasonal patterns, generally lowland areas in the winter, and highland areas in the summer.	46
13060572271	Intensive crops	Require a lot of human energy+effort to grow tomatoes Rice Corn Strawberries *Avocados	47
13060572272	Extensive Crops	Independently grown Wheat Millet Cacti Pumpkins *Apples	48
13060572273	Origin of Plant/Animal Domestication	Southeast Asia-early domestication of root crops(14,000 years ago) Southwest Asia(Mesopotamia)-early domestication of seed crops(10,000 years ago)	49
13060572274	Trade Imbalance	A situation in which a country imports more goods than it exports.	50
13060572288	Von Thunen Model		51
13060572275	What did John Deere invent?	steel plow	52
13060572276	Industrial Revolution Innovations and their benefits	Grain Elevators-better storage Seed Drill-Better/efficient planting Fertilizers- Steroids for plants Infrastructure Improvements-Better transports *Advancements in Livestock Breeding	53
13060572277	Irish	"Pushed" to the U.S. due to a potato famine. Built canals in U.S	54
13060572278	Chinese	"Pulled" to the U.S. for economic opportunities. Built railroads	55
13060572279	Germans/Polish	Came to U.S to work in food industry; animal slaughtering	56
13060572280	Commercialization	efficient production, enabled widespread urbanization(use of machines)	57
13060572281	Critisms of Von Thunen model	Soil fertility Diff. Transport costs Topography variation Change in demand	58
13060572282	Cut Flower Industry	South/Central American flowers imported sprayed w/ chemicals bouquets	59
13060572283	GMOS	Genetically modified organisms. Organisms created by combining natural or synthetic genes using the techniques of molecular biology. *Produce more food to feed more people	60
13060572284	Cadastral System	the method of land survey through which land ownership and property lines are defined	61
13060572285	township and range system	A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior. (6x6=36 sq mile=township)	62
13060572286	Metes and Bounds	A method of land description which involves identifying distances and directions and makes use of both the physical boundaries and measurements of the land.	63
13060572287	longlot survey system	divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals	64