Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

10877048520	Dendrites	Receives messages from other neurons	0
10877048521	Soma	The cell body of the neuron	1
10877048522	Axon	Transmits the message down the neuron	2
10877048523	Myelin sheath	Protects the axon and speeds up the message	3
10877048524	Terminal Buttons	Sends the message to other neurons	4
10877048525	Action potential	The electric message that is sent down a neuron	5
10877048526	All-or-none	The concept that once the threshold for stimulation has been reached, the neuron fires off	6
10877048527	Refractory period	The time it takes for a neuron to recover before it can fire again	7
10877048528	Reuptake	The sending neuron reabsorbing neurotransmitters	8
10877048529	Synapse	The space between neurons where the chemical transfer takes place	9
10877048530	Acetylcholine	Neurotransmitter critical for motor movement, learning, and memory. A deficit results in Alzheimer's disease.	10
10877048531	Dopamine	Neurotransmitter responsible for motor movement, alertness, attention. A deficit coincides with Parkinson's, while an excess coincides with Schizophrenia.	11
10877048532	Endorphins	Neurotransmitter responsible for pain control, stress, pleasure. Natural opiates. Also involved with drug addiction.	12
10877048533	GABA	Brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter	13
10877048534	Glutamate	Brain's major excitatory neurotransmitter	14
10877048535	Norepinephrine	Neurotransmitter responsible for "Fight or flight.:" A deficit can lead to depression.	15
10877048536	Serotonin	Neurotransmitter responsible for mood regulation and hunger. A deficit will lead to depression.	16
10877048537	Frontal lobe	Where complex thinking, short-term memory, and decision making occurs	17
10877048538	Temporal lobe	Processes sounds	18
10877048539	Parietal lobe	Processes sensory information	19
10877048540	Occipital lobe	Processes vision	20
10877048541	Hippocampus	Stores long-term memories	21
10877048542	Amygdala	Involved in fear and anger responses	22
10877048543	Thalamus	Sends sensory information to the correct part of the brain EXCEPT SMELL	23
10877048544	Cerebellum	Involved in muscular activity and balance	24
10877048545	Hypothalamus	Processes metabolic processes	25
10877048546	Pons	Responsible for transmitting messages between cortex and cerebellum. REM sleep also originates here.	26
10877048547	Reticular formation	Controls sleep/wake cycle and general arousal	27
10877048548	Medulla	Controls the heart and lungs	28
10877048549	Cortex	Outer layer of neural tissue. Plays an important role in consciousness.	29
10877048550	Corpus callosum	Connects the two hemispheres of the brain.	30
10877048551	Broca's Area	Produces speech	31
10877048552	Wernicke's Area	Interprets speech	32
10877048553	Olfactory bulb	Processes your sense of smell	33
10877048554	CT Scan	Produces a 2D image of the brain based on x-rays taken around a single axis	34
10877048555	MRI	Uses a magnetic field to produce a detailed image of the brain	35
10877048556	EEG	Shows activity levels of the brain	36
10877048557	fMRI	Shows which parts of the brain are active due to blood flow	37
10877048558	PET Scan	Shows which parts of the brain are active due to glucose processing	38
10877048559	Plasticity	The brain's ability to modify or repair itself	39
10877048560	Split brain procedure	Cutting the brain's corpus callosum to treat epilepsy	40
10877048561	Sensory nerves	Transmits information to the brain (afferent)	41
10877048562	Motor nerves	Transmits information to limbs and organs (efferent)	42
10877048563	Somatic Nervous System	Nervous system responsible for voluntary movement.	43
10877048564	Autonomic nervous system	Nervous system responsible for automatic functioning of the body	44
10877048565	Sympathetic nervous system	Nervous system that causes the "fight or flight" response	45
10877048566	Parasympathetic nervous system	Nervous system that causes the "rest and digest" response	46
10877048567	Pituitary gland	The "master gland" that regulates all other glands	47
10877048568	Adrenal gland	Coordinates with the sympathetic nervous system to release adrenaline to produce "fight or flight" response	48
10877048569	Pineal gland	Releases melatonin to induce sleep	49
10877048570	Neuron	Cell that receives, processes, and transmits information	50
10877048572	Neurotransmitters	Chemical messengers used by the nervous system	51
10877048574	Lobes of the brain	Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital	52
10877048575	Limbic system	System of the brain dealing with memory and emotional functioning; hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, cerebellum, hypothalamus	53
10877048577	Structural brain imaging techniques	CT and MRI	54
10877048578	Which brain imaging technique gives the best picture?	MRI	55
10877048579	Functional imaging techniques	EEG, fMRI, PET	56
10877048580	What part of the body is processed by the right hemisphere?	The left side	57
10877048581	What part of the body is processed by the left hemisphere?	The right side	58
10877048582	Which hemisphere of the brain processes speech?	The left hemisphere	59
10877048583	Parts of the central nervous system	The brain and spinal cord	60
10877048584	What part of the body processes reflexes?	The spinal cord	61
10877048585	Parts of the peripheral nervous system	Somatic and Autonomic	62
10877048586	Parts of the autonomic nervous system	Sympathetic and Parasympathetic	63
10877048587	The master gland	Pituitary gland	64
10877048588	Part of the brain that controls the endocrine system	Hypothalamus	65
10877048589	Endocrine system	Releases hormones into the bloodstream; composed of glands	66
10877048590	Hormones	Chemical messengers of the endocrine system	67
10877048591	Gazzaniga and Sperry	Conducted the split brain procedure	68