Agriculture - APES 16-17 Flashcards

6253757719	Integrated pest management	A strategy for controlling pests that uses biological and physical approaches first then chemical pesticides as a last resort.	0
6466280260	Broad-spectrum pesticide	Pesticide that kills a wide variety of organisms and can kill natural predators of pests.	1
6466283501	Narrow-spectrum pesticide	Pesticide that targets and kills specific types of organisms.	2
6466290870	Natural predator	A biological pest control that can sometimes be used instead of harmful chemicals. (as long as it doesn't become an ecological or economic problem)	3
6466304530	FIFRA	The law that regulates the sale and use of pesticides in the U.S.; also sets tolerance levels for pesticide residues on crops.	4
6466337324	Persistent pesticide	A chemical that doesn't break down easily in nature. It tends to accumulate in the bodies of organisms and biomagnify up the food chain. (i.e. bald eagles had the highest concentrations of DDT in their bodies before it was banned in the U.S. - their eggs became weak and their numbers plummeted)	5
6466358217	Organic vegetables	Those grown without 1) synthetic pesticides 2)GMO's 3) use of human sewage sludge as fertilizer 4) synthetic fertilizers (or minimal use)	6
6466384482	Crop rotation	A physical cultivation strategy for minimizing pests and restoring nitrogen to the soil. Farmers may plant corn one year then soybeans (legume that fixes extra nitrogen) the next year.	7
6466530542	Organic fertilizers	Compost (food scraps and yard/crop waste that has decomposed) and manure are examples of these. This type of fertilizer is less likely to runoff with rainwater.	8
6466564891	Low- or no-till agriculture; cover crops	Sustainable agricultural practices that help keep soil in place. (prevents sediment runoff into nearby waterways)	9
6466655100	Drip irrigation	The most efficient way to water crops (results in the least amount of runoff or evaporation waste of water)	10
6466688053	Rice paddy cultivation	This type of farming has the most CH4 (methane) emissions due to biomass being regularly submerged under water allowing for anaerobic decomposition to happen.	11
6466716628	Round-up ready soybeans	A genetically modified crop that allows the farmer to spray more of a specific type of pesticide without killing the crop.	12
6466722619	Bt corn	A genetically modified crop that has a bacterial gene added to it that produces an insect toxin. Helps to decrease the amount of pesticide chemicals that have to be applied to the crop.	13
9351503089	Green Revolution	The development of new strains of high-yielding crops, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and better irrigation technology were major components of the:	14
9351541565	overfishing	The main reason for the worldwide decline in fish species since 1990 is:	15
9351552431	A new threat with an invasive species	Introducing a new biological control like a new predator to control pest insects on a farm may cause:	16
9351576005	Pesticide treadmill	When farmers use increasing amounts of pesticides to control pests that are becoming genetically resistant to them this is called the:	17
9352374894	Traditional subsistence agriculture	The type of agriculture used by people in developing countries as they try to produce enough food for their families.	18
9352387090	High-input industrialized agriculture	The type of agriculture producing most of the food in developed countries.	19
9352406614	Trawlers	The type of fishing method that is very destructive to benthic habitats in the ocean.	20
9352435041	FIFRA	The U.S. law that is intended to help protect humans from the health impacts of pesticides.	21
9352452559	Atrazine	One of the most widely used herbicides used in the U.S. that has been shown to be an endocrine disruptor or hormonally active agent having "gender bender" effects in some animal species.	22