Ap Flashcards

10567105124	Affirmative Action	A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.	0
10567108735	Bandwagon Effect	a shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public opinion polls report as the front-runner	1
10567110050	bicameral legislature	a lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts	2
10567111809	Cabinet	A group of advisers to the president.	3
10567115366	Caucus	A meeting of members of a political party	4
10567116827	citizen	a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.	5
10567121297	Civil Liberties	Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens	6
10567123651	Civil Rights	the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law	7
10567125796	Civil Service	the group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government	8
10567136336	coattail effect	the added votes received by congressional candidates of a winning presidential party	9
10567139606	confirmation	proof	10
10567141798	Constituents of urine	the voters who elect public officials to represent them	11
10567145099	Defacto Segregation	Segregation by unwritten customs or traditions	12
10567146837	Dejure Segregation	segregation by law	13
10567146892	divided government	one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress	14
10567150595	elector	member of the electoral college	15
10567153158	Electoral College	A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president	16
10567154504	political elites	people with a disproportionate share of political power	17
10567160803	entitlement programs	Government benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need.	18
10569129856	exclusionary rule	improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial	19
10569131751	Executive Agreement	an agreement between the president and the leader of another country	20
10569133871	expressed powers	powers directly stated in the constitution	21
10569134889	Federalism	the federal principle or system of government.	22
10569135565	Free Exercise Clause	First Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion	23
10569136333	Gerrymandering	Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.	24
10569137311	government corporation	a business owned and operated by the federal government	25
10569137717	Great Compromise	agreement providing a dual system of congressional representation	26
10569138823	Incrementalism	the best predictor of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a little bit more.	27
10569139383	Jim Crow Laws	Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites	28
10569140589	lame duck	A person still in office after he or she has lost a bid for reelection	29
10569141337	monetary policy	the setting of the money supply by policymakers in the central bank	30
10569143864	Partisian	favoring one side of an issue	31
10569144403	Party Cuacuses	A meeting of the members of a political party to decide questions of policy	32
10569144404	Politcal ideology	a consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government	33
10569148514	conservative	holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion.	34
10569149254	moderate	average	35
10569149985	liberal	open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values.	36
10569150690	Pluralism	A state in which people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal social standing	37
10569151818	Polarization	A deep and wide conflict over some government policy	38
10569152659	Political Platform	A document stating the aims and principles of a political party	39
10569153686	political culture	an overall set of values widely shared within a society	40
10569154604	policy cycle	The process by which problems are identified and acted upon in the public arena.	41
10569156390	Popular Sovereignty	Rule by the people	42
10569157300	public policy	the principles, often unwritten, on which social laws are based.	43
10569157964	reverse discrimination	Discrimination against the majority group	44
10569158581	shield laws	state laws that protect journalists from having to reveal their sources	45
10569158582	single-member district	An electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official.	46
10569159422	soft money	Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law, usually given to parties and party committees to help fund general party activities.	47
10569160260	splinter party	a political party that has split off from a major party because of major disagreement.	48
10569161912	split-ticket voting	voting for candidates of different parties for different offices at the same election	49
10569165454	straight ticket voting	practice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election	50
10569165944	Franchise/Suffrage	the ability or right to vote in public elections	51
10569167910	disenfranchised	to deprive of the right to vote	52
10569170595	unitary system	A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government	53
10569171110	whistle-blowing	reporting an illegal action of one's employer	54
10569171118	amicus curiae	a brief submitted by a "friend of the court"	55
10569172199	briefs	written arguments on the case	56
10569173400	due process of law	the right of every citizen against arbitrary action by national or state governments	57
10569173731	Habeas Corpus	An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.	58
10569175282	judicial activism	Idea stating that judges should interpret the Constitution to reflect current conditions and values.	59
10569177835	judicial restraint	A judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that duty strictly to the legislatures	60
10569178365	litigation	the process of taking legal action	61
10569179145	petioner	the party bringing a lawsuit	62
10569180026	Prescedent	an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action	63
10569182777	concurring opinion	An opinion that agrees with the majority in a Supreme Court ruling but differs on the reasoning.	64
10569183261	dissenting opinion	An opinion disagreeing with a majority in a Supreme Court ruling.	65
10569187761	majority opinion	a court opinion reflecting the views of the majority of the judges	66
10569189146	stare decisis	let the decision stand	67
10569189147	writ of certiorari	A formal writ used to bring a case before the Supreme Court.	68
10569189681	writ of mandamus	Court order directing an official to perform an official duty.	69