AP Psychology (Myers 8th Edition) Chapter 12 Flashcards
Motivation and Work
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| 7766794288 | motivation | the need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal |  | 0 |
| 7766794289 | instinct | complex behavior with a fixed pattern throughout a species and is unlearned; Darwin believed all human behavior was controlled by this |  | 1 |
| 7766794290 | drive-reduction theory | theory that a physiological need (e.g. food) creates an aroused state (e.g. hunger) that motivates the organism to lessen the need (e.g. eat) |  | 2 |
| 7766794291 | homeostasis | tendency to maintain a balanced, constant internal state; literally means "staying the same;" body chemistry always wants to remain at a certain level |  | 3 |
| 7766794292 | incentive | a positive or negative environmental stimulus that lures or repels us; (eg. fear of disapproval, aroma of freshly baked french fries) |  | 4 |
| 7766794294 | hierarchy of needs | Maslow's idea of a pyramid of human needs; physiological needs first satisfied, then safety, then belonging, then esteem, then self-actualization |  | 5 |
| 7766794295 | glucose | blood sugar that serves as a major energy source for body tissues; when it's low, we feel hungry |  | 6 |
| 7766852745 | set point | the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set |  | 7 |
| 7766859441 | basal metabolic rate | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure |  | 8 |
| 7766794303 | anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which a person drops significantly below normal weight |  | 9 |
| 7766794304 | bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized overeating followed by vomiting or excessive exercise; binging and purging episodes |  | 10 |
| 7766794305 | sexual response cycle | the four stages of sexual responding as described by Masters and Johnson - 1. excitement, 2. plateau, 3. orgasm, 4. resolution |  | 11 |
| 7766794306 | refractory period | a resting period for the male after stage 3 orgasm; during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm for a few days |  | 12 |
| 7766794307 | sexual disorder | a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal/functioning (e.g. premature ejaculation, erectile disorder, and orgasmic disorder) |  | 13 |
| 7766794308 | estrogen | sex hormone secreted more by females; peak during ovulation |  | 14 |
| 7766794309 | testosterone | sex hormone; higher levels found in males; increases sexual arousal |  | 15 |
| 7766794310 | sexual orientation | enduring sexual attraction toward members of one's own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual) |  | 16 |
| 7766794312 | flow | a completely involved, focused state of consciousness; diminished awareness of time; optimal engagement of one's skills |  | 17 |
| 7766794313 | industrial-organizational psychology (IO psychology) | the application of psychological concepts to optimizing human performance in workplace; has three subfields |  | 18 |
| 7766794314 | personnel psychology | subfield of IO psychology; focuses on the PERSON; (ex. employee recruitment, placement, training, and appraisal) |  | 19 |
| 7766794315 | organization psychology | subfield of IO psychology; studies how environment influences worker performance; focuses on the organization of the workplace |  | 20 |
| 7766794318 | structured interview | an unbiased interview that asks the same questions to all applicants; rated based on scales |  | 21 |
| 7766794320 | achievement motivation | a desire for significant accomplishment; some people have more of it than others |  | 22 |
| 7766794321 | task leadership | one of two leadership types; goal-oriented, directive, organized; these leaders are less liked, but more efficient |  | 23 |
| 7766794322 | social leadership | one of two leadership types; mediate conflicts, work together, talk about feelings; these leaders are more liked, but less efficient |  | 24 |