AP World History Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

11492729677	Qur'an	Definition: Islamic sacred book of Muhammad's life and message. Significance: The word of God that the Muslims believe and follow.	0
11492729678	Umma	Definition: The entire community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. Significance: Goal of creating a just and moral society where all believers are community (equality).	1
11492729679	Pillars of Islam	Definition: (1) Allah is the one true God. (2) 5 daily prayers. (3) Charitable. (4) Fast of Ramadan. (5) Hajj. Significance: Rules followed every day. The lifestyle to be good and responsible as a Muslim.	2
11492729680	Hijra	Definition: Muhammad fled from Mecca to Medina. Significance: Other merchants didn't appreciate Muhammed, so he left to Medina (another holy place). He came back to Mecca to reconquer it later.	3
11492729681	Sharia	Definition: Islamic law based on teachings of the Qur'an. Significance: It's the foundation of Muslim Law and how Muslims live their lives (with the Ulama as the judge).	4
11492729682	Jizya	Definition: Poll tax paid by non-Muslims (minority groups) within Muslim empire. Significance: Allowed religious freedom through taxes. Christians and Jews were allowed within the empire because Muslims wanted more trading opportunities.	5
11492729683	Ulama	Definition: Doctors of Muslim religion and law. Significance: Religiously trained scholars and authorities to look to for Qur'an and Muslim faith.	6
11492729684	Umayyad Caliphate	Definition: 2nd of the 4 major caliphates (rule/reign of chief Muslim ruler). Significance: Construction of Mosques to symbolize imperial power. It was short lived because of the favor of Arabs.	7
11492729685	Abbasid Caliphate	Definition: 3rd of the 4 major caliphates. Significance: Founded the city of Baghdad, the capital of the "Golden Age" (enlightenment and prosperity).	8
11492729686	Sufism	Definition: Mystical system of Sufis, an ascetic Muslim sect. Significance: Belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find divine love and knowledge through a direct personal relationship with God. (Response to the materialism of leaders).	9
11492729687	Al-Ghazali	Definition: Islamic thinker who was a scholar. He argued for rationale. Significance: He believed that rational philosophy alone could never enable believers to know about Allah. They must know in their heart. (Caused Sufism).	10
11492729688	Ibn Battuta	Definition: Visited West Africa and criticized the Muslim practices there. Significance: Detailed account of visits to Islamic lands, and documented travels. He provided insight.	11
11492729689	Timbuktu	Definition: Port city of Mal by the Niger River. Significance: Contained library and university. It was the center of Islamic religious and intellectual life.	12
11492729690	Mansa Musa	Definition: Ruler of Kingdom of Mali (Muslim) sought to expand kingdom for gold. Significance: He showed pride and ignorance of Islamic law. He elevated Mali's status in the Islamic world.	13
11492729691	al-Andalus	Definition: Chief site of Islamic encounter with Christian Europe (conquered by Arab and Berber forces). Significance: Muslims, Christians, and Jews contributed to culture. A place of harmony and tolerance (75% converted to Islam).	14
11492729692	Madrassas	Definition: (11th century) Formal colleges, offered more advanced instructions in Qur'an and sayings of Muhammad. It was the informal teachings with text memorization. Significance: Another way Ulama passed on teachings of the faith, and important knowledge of the faith.	15
11492729693	House of Wisdom	Definition: Baghdad, the center for research and translation of scientific, medical, and philosophical texts. Significance: Islamic ideas circled the world, and Greek information was being translated into Arabic.	16
11492729694	Ibn Sina	Definition: Writer in almost all fields of science and philosophy. Significance: Set standards for medical practice in Islamic and Christian worlds. Accurately diagnosed many disease and found treatments, and revolutionary writings.	17
11492729695	Sikhism	the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam	18
11492747476	Mullah Nasruddin	A mullah was a man of some learning, a cleric or leader of a village mosque. Mullah Nasruddin has long been an imaginary folk character within the world of Islam and amongst Sufis, gently expressing a skeptical attitude toward the rational mind, sanctimonious posturing, human vanity, and the ego.	19