Emergency care 13th edition Chapter 21 poisoning and overdose emergencies. Flashcards
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| 11027727486 | Poison | Any substance that can harm the body by alternating cell structure or function | 0 | |
| 11027727487 | Toxin | a poisonous substance secreted by bacteria, plants, or animals | 1 | |
| 11027727488 | Acetaminophen (Tylenol) | Nausea and vomiting. Jaundice is a delayed sign. There may be no signs or symptoms | 2 | |
| 11027727489 | Antiarrhythmics(drugs to regulate electrical impulses and the speed of the heart) | Bradycardia, hypotension, decreased consciousness, and respiratory depression. | 3 | |
| 11027727490 | Acids and Alkalis | Burns on or around the lips. Burning in mouth, throat, and abdomen. Vomiting. | 4 | |
| 11027727491 | Antidepressants | Tachycardia, hypertension, nausea, and tremors. | 5 | |
| 11027727492 | Anthtihistines and cough or cold preparations | Hyperactivity or drowsiness. Rapid pulse, flushed skin, dilated pupils. | 6 | |
| 11027727493 | Antipsychotics | drowsiness, coma, tachycardia | 7 | |
| 11027727494 | Asprin | Delayed signs and symptoms, including ringing in the years, deep in rapid breathing, bruising. | 8 | |
| 11027727495 | food poisoning | Different types of food poisoning have different signs and symptoms of varying onset. Most include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and sometimes a fever | 9 | |
| 11027727496 | Ibuprofen and other nonsteroildal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS) | Upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding | 10 | |
| 11027727497 | Insecticides | Slow pulse, excessive salivation and sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, constricted pupils | 11 | |
| 11027727498 | Petroleum products | characteristic odor of breath, clothing, vomitus. If aspiration has occurred, coughing and difficulty breathing | 12 | |
| 11027727499 | Plants | Wide range of signs and symptoms, ranging from nine to nausea and vomiting to cardiac arrest | 13 | |
| 11027727500 | Corrosive or irritant | Destroying skin and other body tissues | 14 | |
| 11027727501 | Suffocating agent | Displaying oxygen in the air | 15 | |
| 11027727502 | systematic poisons | Causing Harm to the entire body or to an entire body system. | 16 | |
| 11027727503 | Corrosive, Irritant, suffocating agent, and systemic poisons can Critically depressed or overstimulate the central nervous system causing | Vomiting and diarrhea, prevent red blood cells from caring oxygen, or interfere with the normal biochemical process in the body at the level of the cell. | 17 | |
| 11027727504 | ingested poisons(swallowed) | Can include many common household in industrial chemicals, medications, and properly prepared were stored foods, plant materials, petroleum products, and agriculture products made specifically to control rodent, weeds, insects, and crop diseases. | 18 | |
| 11027727505 | Inhaled poisons(breathed in) | Gases, vapors and sprays. Many of these substances are common use in the homes, industry and agriculture. Such poisons include carbon monoxide(from car exhaust, wood-burning stove and furnaces), ammonia, chlorine, insect sprays, and the gases produced from volatile liquid chemicals. | 19 | |
| 11027727506 | Absorb poisons(skin) | Poisons that are taken into the body through unbroken skin. Many are corrosive or irritants that will injure the skin then be slowly absorbed into the body tissue in the bloodstream. | 20 | |
| 11027727507 | Injected poisons | poisons that are inserted through the skin, for example by needle, snake fangs, or insect stinger | 21 | |
| 11027727508 | What substance was involved? | It is important to get the exact spelling of the substance. If it is possible and safe, bring the container to the hospital with the patient | 22 | |
| 11027727509 | When did exposure occur? | It is important for the emergency department personnel to know as closely as possible the time of ingestion so that appropriate testing and treatment can be done. If you cannot get an exact time, determine their earliest and latest possible times of exposure. | 23 | |
| 11027727510 | How much was ingested? | When the amount cannot be readily estimated, determine the maximum amount that might've been ingested. | 24 | |
| 11027727511 | What effects is the patient experiencing from ingestions? | Nausea and vomiting or two of the most common result of poison ingestion, but you may also find altered mental status, abdominal pain, diarrhea, chemical burns around the mouth and unusual breath oders. | 25 | |
| 11027727512 | What is the patients weight? | This estimate, in combination with the amount of substance ingested, maybe critical in determining the appropriate treatment. | 26 | |
| 11027727513 | Activated Charcoal | a substance that absorbs many poisons and prevents them from being absorbed by the body | 27 | |
| 11027727514 | Medication names for activated charcoal | Generic: activated charcoal Trade: Superchar, InstaChar, Actidose, Liqui-Char. | 28 | |
| 11027727515 | Contraindications to activated charcoal | altered mental status, ingestion of acids or alkalis, inability to swallow | 29 | |
| 11027727516 | medication form of activated charcoal | 1. premixed with water to form a slurry 2. powder - which should be avoided in the field | 30 | |
| 11027727517 | Dosage of activated charcoal | Adults and Children: 1g of body weight adult dose: 25-50g Pediatric dose: 12.5-25g | 31 | |
| 11027727518 | Administration of activated charcoal steps | 1. Consult medical direction 2. Shake container thoroughly 3. Provide a covered container and a straw will prevent the patient from seeing the medication and so may improve the patient's compliance. 4. If the patient does not drink the medication right away, the charcoal settle. Shake or stir it again before administering. 5. Record the name, dose, route, and time of administration of the medication. | 32 | |
| 11027727519 | actions of activated charcoal | 1. Activated charcoal absorbs(binds) Certain poisons and prevents them from being absorbed into the body 2. Not all brands of activated charcoal are the same. Some of us are much more than others, so consult medical direction about the brand to use. | 33 | |
| 11027727520 | Side effects of activated charcoal | 1. some patients have black stools 2. some patients may vomit, particularly those who have ingested poisons that cause nausea. if patient vomits, repeat the dose once. | 34 | |
| 11027727521 | Reassessment strategies for activated charcoal | Be prepared for the patient to vomit or further deteriorate | 35 | |
| 11027727522 | Dilution | Thinning down or weakening by mixing with something else. Ingested poisons are sometimes diluted by drinking 1 to 2 glasses water or milk. A child should be given 1/2 to 1Full glass of water or milk. | 36 | |
| 11027727523 | dilution with water | May slow absorption slightly | 37 | |
| 11027727524 | Dilution with milk | May sooth stomach upset. | 38 | |
| 11027727525 | Dilution with water or milk | Is frequently advice for patients who, as determined by medical direction or poison control, do not need transport to the hospital | 39 | |
| 11027727526 | Step 1 for Patient care of ingested poisons | Detect and treat immediately life-threatening problems in the primary assessment. Evaluate the need for prompt transport for critical patients. | 40 | |
| 11027727527 | Step 2 for Patient care of ingested poisons | Perform a secondary assessment. Used glove hands to carefully remove any pills, tablets, or fragments from the patient's mouth; package the materials and transport with the patient. | 41 | |
| 11027727528 | Step 3 for Patient care of ingested poisons | Assess baseline vital signs | 42 | |
| 11027727529 | Step 4 for Patient care of ingested poisons | Consult medical direction. As directed, administer activated charcoal to absorb the poison, or water or milk to dilute it. This can be done in route | 43 | |
| 11027727530 | Step 5 for Patient care of ingested poisons | Transport a patient with our containers, bottles, and labels from the substance | 44 | |
| 11027727531 | Step 6 for Patient care of ingested poisons | Perform reassessment en route | 45 | |
| 11027727532 | antidote | a substance that will neutralize the poison or its effects | 46 | |
| 11027727533 | Most frequent victims of accidental poisonings? | Children | 47 | |
| 11027727534 | Medication name for Naloxone | Generic: Naloxone Trade: Narcan | 48 | |
| 11027727535 | Indications for Naloxone | 1. Suspected narcotic overdose 2. Coma of unknown cause | 49 | |
| 11027727536 | Medication form of Naloxone | Liquid | 50 | |
| 11027727537 | dosage of naloxone | 0.4-2.0mg | 51 | |
| 11027727538 | Administration steps of Naloxone | 1. Obtain medical direction, either online or off-line, as directed by your local protocols 2. Inspect the patients nostrils. Make sure there's no obstructions in the nostrils 3. Consider restraining the patient before drug ministration if you believe the patient may become combative 4. Attach the atomizer to the syringe containing the Naloxone 5. Push the atomizer gently but firmly into the national opening 6. Push the plunger of the syringe Firmly but briefly until the desired amount of liquid has been expelled from the syringe. Limit the amount of fluid and ministered at one time to 0.5 mL per nostril 7. Repeat as needed with other nostril and record the name does Shrout and time of the ministration of the medication(Naloxone). | 52 | |
| 11027727539 | Actions of Naloxone | Reverse the effects of narcotics, including depressed level of consciousness and respiratory depression | 53 | |
| 11027727540 | side effects of naloxone | May precipitate withdrawal in patients dependent on the narcotics | 54 | |
| 11027727541 | Reassessment strategies after using Naloxone | Evaluate level of consciousness and respiratory rate and depth frequently. Effects of Naloxone do not last long as some narcotics, so some patients may relapse in coma with respiratory depression. | 55 | |
| 11027727542 | Often from swimming pool chemicals | Chlorine gas | 56 | |
| 11027727543 | After release from household cleaners | ammonia | 57 | |
| 11027727544 | From industrial sources | Sprayed agricultural chemicals and pesticides, and carbon dioxide. | 58 | |
| 11027727545 | Patient assessment of and inhaled poisons | • what substance was involved? - Get exact name. • when did the exposure occur? - estimate as well as you can when the patient was exposed to the poisonous gas by finding out the earliest and latest possible times exposure. • Over how long a period to the exposure of occur? - The longer someone is exposed to a poisonous gas, the more poison that will probably be absorbed. • what interventions has anyone taken? - did someone remove the patient or ventilate the area right away? When did this happen? • what effects is the patient experiencing from the exposure? - nausea and vomiting are very common and poisons of all types. With inhaled poisons, find out if the patient is having difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing, hoarseness, dizziness, headache, confusion, seizures, or alter mental status. | 59 | |
| 11027727546 | Step 1 of Patient care for inhaled poisons | If the patient is in an unsafe environment, have train rescuers remove the patient to a safe area. Detect and treat immediate life-threatening problems in the primary assessment. Evaluate the need to properly transport critical patients. | 60 | |
| 11027727547 | Step 3 of Patient care for inhaled poisons | Perform a secondary assessment, obtain vital signs, | 61 | |
| 11027727548 | Step 2 of Patient care for inhaled poisons | Open airway, Insert OPA or NPA and Administer high concentration oxygen via nonrebeather. This is the single most important treatment for in hell poisons after the patient's airway is opened | 62 | |
| 11027727549 | Step 4/5 of Patient care for inhaled poisons | Contact medical direction, Transport the patient with all containers, bottles, and labels from the substance. Perform reassessment in route | 63 | |
| 11028412836 | Most commonly inhaled poisons? | Carbon Monoxide(CO) | 64 | |
| 11028412837 | The number of Carbon monoxide cases has increased recently because | The use of improperly vented wood burning stove and the use of charcoal for heating and indoor cooking in areas without adequate ventilation. Also, The indoor use of gasoline powered small engines such as electrical generators or pumps is another common cause of carbon monoxide poisoning. | 65 | |
| 11028412838 | When looking for indications of possible carbon monoxide poisoning look for | Wood burning stove, doors that lead to a garage, bedrooms above a garage or motor repair work is in progress, and evidence that suggests the patient has been a long period of time sitting in an idling motor vehicle. | 66 | |
| 11028412839 | Signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning | flu-like symptoms, nausea, vomiting, altered LOC, headache, dizziness, breathing difficulties, headache, cyanosis, unconsciousness(severe case). | 67 | |
| 11028412840 | You should suspect carbon dioxide poisoning when ever you were treating a patient with | Flu like symptoms who has been in an enclosed area or When a group of people are in the same Area and have similar symptoms | 68 | |
| 11028412841 | 100% Oxygen is the antidote for car monoxide poisoning, but it takes time to "____ ____ "Carbon dioxide from the patient's blood stream | "Wash Out" | 69 | |
| 11028412843 | What is not a SIGN typically seen with carbon oxide poisoning | Cherry red skin. | 70 | |
| 11028412844 | Smoke in elation is often associated with | Thermal burns with The effect of chemical poisons with in the smoke. | 71 | |
| 11028412845 | Modern building materials contain plastics or synthetics. When those plastics and other synthetics burn or are overheated they release | Toxic fumes. It is possible for the substances found in smoke to burn the skin, irritate the eyes, injure the airway, cause respiratory arrest, and in some cases cardiac arrest. | 72 | |
| 11028412846 | Signs and symptoms that indicate an airway injury by smoke inhalation. | Difficulty breathing, coughing, breath that has a smoky smell or the odor of chemicals involved at the scene, black carbon residue in the patient's mouth and nose, black residue in any sputum coughed up by the patient, and nose hair cinched from super heated air. | 73 | |
| 11028412847 | Patient care for smoke inhalation | Move the patient to a safe area, assess the patient, administer high concentration oxygen viva nonrebreather, and transport. If the patients Plus oximeter is reading 100%, administer high concentration oxygen. Carbonoxyhemoglobin is Red, like oxyhemoglobin and the two cannot be distinguished by a pulse oximeter. | 74 | |
| 11030203470 | Detergent Suicides | Method of suicide started in Japan Mix two easily obtained chemicals to release hydrogen sulfide gas Commonly released inside an enclosed space such as a car. If you see a note or sign warning people not to approach should be taken seriously. Call the appropriate agency to open the space and remove the body. | 75 | |
| 11030203471 | Hydrogen sulfide is best known for its? | Rotten egg smell. | 76 | |
| 11030203472 | mild exposure to hydrogen sulfide | Coughing, Eye irritation and sore throat. | 77 | |
| 11030203473 | More severe cases of exposer to hydrogen sulfide | Dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, headache and vomiting | 78 | |
| 11030203474 | Most severe case of exposure to hydrogen sulfide | Pulmonary Edema(fluid collecting at the Lungs), resulting in death. | 79 | |
| 11030480406 | Patient care for absorbed poisons | 1. primary assessment - detect any life threats 2. secondary assessment - and vital signs 3. remove poison 4. transport - make sure to grab bottles or wrappers of poison 5. perform reassessment en route | 80 | |
| 11030480407 | Remove poisons by doing one of the following | Powders- brush powder off the patient Liquids-your gate with clean water for at least 20 minutes continue in route if possible Eyes-your gate with clean water for at least 20 minutes and continue in route if possible | 81 | |
| 11030480408 | Neutralizing acids or alkalis with solutions such as dilute vinegar or baking soda | Should not be done. | 82 | |
| 11030613355 | Poisons that act almost immediately usually produce | Obvious signs | 83 | |
| 11030613356 | Slow acting poisons can produce effects That mimic | Infectious disease or some other medical emergency | 84 | |
| 11030613357 | Poisonous control number(24 hours a day) | 1-800-222-1222 | 85 | |
| 11030613358 | How should you communicate with poison control centers | By Telephone. | 86 | |
| 11030613359 | How should you memorize the poison control centers number? | Paste it inside your kit. | 87 | |
| 11030613360 | To help poisonous control center staff always gather what? | All the information you need before your call | 88 | |
| 11030613361 | The poisonous control center can provide valuable information for what types of poisons | All types of poisons. | 89 | |
| 11030851672 | Chronic drinkers(alcoholics) often have | derangements in blood sugar levels, poor nutrition, potential for considerable gastrointestinal bleeding, and other problems. | 90 | |
| 11030851673 | When alcohol is combined with other depressants such as antihistamines and Tranquilizers | The effects of alcohol can be more pronounced and in some cases, lethal. | 91 | |
| 11030851674 | Medical problems that may appear to make the patient look intoxicated when he is not | Diabetes, epilepsy, head injuries, high fevers, and hypoxia. | 92 | |
| 11030851675 | Signs and symptoms of the Alcohol abuse | Odor of alcohol on the patients breath or clothing, Swain and unsteadiness of movement, slurred speech, rambling thought patterns, I flushed appearance in the face(Often with patients sweating and complaining of being), nausea and vomiting, poor coordination, slow reaction time, blurred vision, confusion, hallucinations, lack of memory(blackout), and altered mental status | 93 | |
| 11030851676 | withdrawal | referring to alcohol or drug withdrawal in which the patient's body reacts severely when deprived of the abused substance | 94 | |
| 11030851677 | delirium tremens | A severe reaction that can be part of alcohol withdrawl, characterized by sweating, trembling, anxiety, and hallucinations. Severe alcohol withdrawal with DTs can lead to death if untreated. | 95 | |
| 11030851678 | Signs of alcohol withdrawal | confusion and restlessness unusual to insane behavior hallucinations gross tremor profuse sweating seizures hypertension tachycardia | 96 | |
| 11030851679 | Patient care for alcohol abuse | Stay alert for airway and respiratory problems, Assess for trauma the patient may be unaware of this because of his intoxication, be alert for changes in mental status as alcohol is absorbency the bloodstream(Talk to the patient in an effort to keep him as alert as possible), Monitor vital signs, treat for shock, protect the patient from self injury, stay alert for seizures, and transport patient to a medical facility. | 97 | |
| 11030907740 | Common head injurie in alcoholics | Subdural hematoma | 98 | |
| 11030907741 | If patient is under the influence of drugs, alcohol or any substance that alters mental status, remember | He cannot make an informed decision or Refuse transport. Act on implied consent. | 99 | |
| 11031235663 | substance abuse | Indicates a chemical substance is being taken for other than therapeutic(medical) reasons | 100 | |
| 11031235664 | Uppers | Stimulates that affect the nervous system and excite the user. Many of users use these drugs in an attempt to relieve fatigue create feelings of well-being. Examples are caffeine, amphetamines, and cocaine. | 101 | |
| 11031235665 | Downers | Depressants affect on the central nervous system. This type of drug may be used as a relaxing agent, sleeping pill, or tranquilizer. Barbiturates are examples usually in pill or capsule form. | 102 | |
| 11031235666 | Narcotics | Drugs capable of producing stupor or sleep. They are often used to relieve pain. Many drugs legitimately use for these purposes such as codeine are also abused, affecting the nervous system and changing many of the normal activities of the body, often producing an intense state of relaxation or feeling of well-being. (OxyContin, Heroine) | 103 | |
| 11031235667 | Hallucinogens | LSD, PCP, and certain types of mushrooms remind affecting drugs that act on the nervous system to reduce an intern state of excitement or a distortion of the users perceptions. This class of drug has few legal uses. They are often eaten or dissolved in the mouth and absorb through the mucous membranes. A new hallucinogen is Ecstasy(XTC, X, or MDMA). Often taken at rave parties. Hallucinogens also have the stimulate properties of uppers. | 104 | |
| 11031235668 | Narcotic overdose is are generally categorized by three signs | Coma, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression. Together these are referred to as "opiate triad". | 105 | |
| 11031235669 | Volatile chemicals | Vapors that can be inhaled. They can give an initial rush then act as a depressant on the central nervous system. Cleaning fluid, glue, model submit, and correction fluid used to correct ink-based errors are commonly abused volatile chemicals | 106 | |
| 11031235670 | designer drugs | synthetic drugs that are made to imitate the effects of other drugs | 107 | |
| 11032021388 | If a patient mixed drugs and alcohol he will have | Depressed vital signs | 108 |