APUSH: Hispanics, Native Americans, and Gay Rights Movement Flashcards

9610189818	Cesar Chavez	Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW); Mexican-American who help migratory farm workers gain better pay & working conditions	0
9610194520	Grape Boycott	strike & boycott helped improve the lives of migrant farm workers in the 1960s. The strike began on September 8, 1965, and lasted more than five years. Due largely to a consumer boycott of non-union grapes, the strike ended with a significant victory for the United Farm Workers as well as its first contract with the growers.	1
9610209572	United Farm Workers	Organization headed by Cesar Chavez that worked to improve conditions for migrant workers	2
9610212343	Chicanos	Name given to Mexican-Americans, who in 1970, were the majority of migrant farm labor in the U.S.	3
9610217669	La Raza Unida	is an independent Latino movement created to bring attention to the concerns of Mexican Americans	4
9610223665	Bilingual Education	Instruction for students who speak little or no English in the native language as well as English	5
9610232637	Mendez v. Westminister	1947 case which overturned school segregation of Latinos in Orange County, California	6
9610237721	Lau v. Nichols	United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously decided that the lack of supplemental language instruction in public school for students with limited English proficiency violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The court held that since non-English speakers were denied a meaningful education, the disparate impact caused by the school policy violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the school district was demanded to provide students with "appropriate relief"	7
9610257488	American Indian Movement	a frequently militant organization that was formed in 1968 to work for Native American rights.	8
9610264253	Alcatraz Occupation	Shortly before dawn on November 20, 1969, 89 American Indians boarded boats in Sausalito, California, and made a five-mile trip across foggy San Francisco Bay to Alcatraz Island. Upon landing, they declared the former prison Indian land "by right of discovery" and demanded the U.S. government provide funding to turn it into a Native American cultural center and university. When their terms were ignored, the activists spent more than 19 months occupying the island in defiance of the authorities.	9
9610287592	Wounded Knee Occupation	approximately 200 Oglala Lakota and followers of the American Indian Movement (AIM) seized and occupied the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. The protest followed the failure of an effort of the Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization (OSCRO) to impeach tribal president Richard Wilson, whom they accused of corruption and abuse of opponents. Additionally, protesters criticized the United States government's failure to fulfill treaties with Native American people and demanded the reopening of treaty negotiations.	10
9610299111	Indian Self Determination Act	give tribal governments more control over social programs, law enforcement, and education	11
9610302025	Longest Walk	Several hundred American Indian activists and supporters march for five months from San Francisco to Washington, D.C., to protest threats to tribal lands and water rights. The Longest Walk is the last major event of the Red Power Movement.	12
9610310644	Trail of Broken Treaties	Cross country protest, highlighted by a march on Washington, designed to bring attention to the years of broken treaties by the US govt	13
9610319012	Termination Policy	Federal government decision to end federal responsibility for Native American tribes	14
9610323095	Stonewall Raid	Site of an off-duty police raid in 1969 that spurred gay and lesbian activism	15
9610325780	Harvey Milk	1st openly gay elected in San Francisco; he gets assassinated; vital to movement of gay rights	16
9610337680	Pink Panthers	LGBT rights organizations in North America since the 1970s	17