AP Government - Unit 2 Flashcards

10871497127	Political socialization	the process by which political values are formed and passed from one generation to the next	0
10871497128	Political culture	a patterned and ongoing way of thinking about how politics and government ought to be carried out	1
10871497129	Equality of outcome	guarantee of equal wealth for all citizens, regardless of education or job; not a priority of the USA	2
10871497130	Equality of opportunity	every person has the same chances in life; a goal in the USA	3
10871497131	Individualism	the focus on individual rights and responsibilities; each person achieves their own success through hard work; a defining value in the USA	4
10871497132	Rule of law	The Constitution and legal codes apply equally to all citizens and are accepted by people without question	5
10871497133	Free enterprise	an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control	6
10871497134	Evangelicals	conservative Christians who are pro-life on the abortion issue; strong bloc of the Republican Party	7
10871497135	Demographics	statistical data related to the population (e.g. age, race, religion, etc.)	8
10871497136	Gender gap	the difference between men and women in their opinions or voting behavior	9
10871497137	Political ideology (ideological)	a consistent set of beliefs about what policies the government ought to pursue	10
10871497138	Partisan (Partisanship)	strong loyalty to one political party	11
10871497139	Liberal	political ideology espousing an active and powerful national government for the purpose of economic equality, environmental regulation, and other social problems; pro-choice on abortion and personal freedom issues	12
10871497140	Moderate	A person who is non-ideological; mixed views	13
10871497141	Conservative	political ideology espousing a limited role for the government in order to protect individual liberty; most social and economic problems can be solved by the marketplace (supply and demand), private charities, or religious institutions; pro-life (government should make abortion illegal)	14
10871497142	Libertarian	political ideology espousing an extremely limited role for the government in both social and economic areas; the national government should only do those things that the marketplace cannot handle (ie. national defense, currency, etc.)	15
10871497143	Public opinion	how people feel or think about issues or candidates for office	16
10871497144	Opinion Poll	a tool used to measure public opinion about issues or candidates	17
10871497145	Random sample	method of selecting from a population in which each person has an equal chance of being selected; essential for accurate polling	18
10871497146	Sample size (of a poll)	the number of people that are questioned and included in a poll	19
10871497147	Margin of error (of a poll)	the difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time; measures the accuracy of a poll...the lower the better	20
10871497148	Exit Poll	poll based on interviews conducted on Election Day as voters are leaving their voting precinct	21
10871497149	Tracking Poll	a type of poll repeated periodically with the same group of people to check and measure changes of opinion or knowledge	22
10871497150	Rational-choice voting	Voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizen's individual interest	23
10871497151	Retrospective voting	Voting to decide whether the party or candidate in power should be re-elected based on the recent past	24
10871497152	Prospective voting	Voting based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future	25
10871497153	Party-line voting	Supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices across the ballot	26
10871497154	15th Amendment (1870)	prohibited voting restrictions based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude (slavery)	27
10871497155	19th Amendment (1920)	prohibited voting restrictions based on gender	28
10871497156	24th Amendment	outlawed the use of poll taxes at any level of government	29
10871497157	26th Amendment (1971)	required all states to set a voting age of no more than 18 years old	30
10871497158	Activist (Political Activism)	A person who tends to participate on all forms of politics; influential	31
10871497159	Civil Rights Act of 1964	banned segregation in public places; banned discrimination in employment	32
10871497160	Disenfranchise	to take away the right to vote by law or intimidation	33
10871497161	Grandfather clause	legal method used to exclude whites from poll taxes and literacy tests	34
10871497162	Literacy test	an arbitrary test used to prevent black citizens from registering to vote (ex. "How many bubbles on a bar of soap?")	35
10871497163	Minority rights	rights that cannot be taken away, even if a majority of citizens would like to	36
10871497164	Motor Voter Law of 1993	made voter registration easier by requiring states to allow people to register to vote when getting or renewing their driver's license	37
10871497165	Photo ID Voting Requirement	law in some states that requires voters to show a form of identification in order to vote	38
10871497166	Political efficacy	a person's belief that they can make a difference in the political process	39
10871497167	Political participation	a variety of ways that citizens choose and influence government policy makers	40
10871497168	Poll tax	a required payment for voting; used to disenfranchise black citizens	41
10871497169	Suffrage	the right to vote	42
10871497172	Voter Registration	citizens must register to vote (fill out form) before they can vote; #1 predictor of whether someone will actually vote	43
10871497170	Voter Turnout	percentage of voting-age citizens that actually vote in any given election	44
10871497171	Voting Rights Act of 1965	abolished literacy tests and all other methods used to deny a person the right to vote on the basis of race or color; it's preclearance requirement on states with histories of discrimination was undone by the Supreme Court	45