AP World History Chapter 22 (Strayer) Flashcards

Chapter 23 Independence and Development in the Global South, 1914 - Present

9595022431	Decolonization	1914-Present : Process in which many African and Asian states won their independence from Western colonial rule, in most cases by negotiated settlement with gradual political reforms and a program of investment rather than through military confrontation	0
9595022432	Indian National Congress	1914-Present : Organization established in 1885 by Western-educated elite Indians in an effort to win a voice in governance of India; over time, the INC became a major popular movement that won India's independence from Britain	1
9595022433	Mahatma Gandhi	1914-Present : Usually referred to by his sobriquet "Mahatma" (Great Soul), Gandhi (1869-1948) was a political leader and the undoubted spiritual leader of the Indian drive or independence from Great Britain	2
9595022434	Satyagraha	1914-Present : Literally, "truth force"; Mahatma Gandhi's political philosophy, which advocated confrontational but nonviolent political action	3
9595022435	Muslim League	1914-Present : The All-India Muslim League, created in 1906, was a response to the Indian national Congress in India's struggle for independance from Britain; the League's leader, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, argued that regions of India with a Muslim majority should form a separate state called Pakistan	4
9595022436	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	1914-Present : LEader of India's All India Muslim League and first president of the breakaway state of Pakistan (1876-1948)	5
9595022437	African National Congress	1914-Present : South African political party established in 1912 by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society; it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994	6
9595022438	Nelson Mandela	1914-Present : South African nationalist (b. 1918) and leader of the African National Congress who was imprisoned for twenty - seven years on charges of treason, sabotage and conspiracy to over through the apartheid government of South Africa; he was elected president of South Africa in 1994, four years after he was finally released from prison	7
9595022439	Black Consciousness	1914-Present : South African movement that sought to foster pride, unity and political awareness among the country's African majority and often resorted to violent protest against white minority rule	8
9595022440	Soweto	1914-Present : Impoverished black neighborhood outside Johannesburg, South Africa, and the site of a violent uprising in 1976 in which hundreds were killed; that rebellion began a series of violent protests and strikes that helped end apartheid	9
9595022443	Kemal Ataturk	1914-Present : Founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey (1881 - 1938); as military commander and leader of the Turkish national movement, he made Turkey into a secular state	10
9595022444	Ayatollah Khomeini	1914-Present : Important Shia ayattolah (advanced scholar of Islamic law and religion) who became the leader of Iran's Islamic revolution and ruled Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989	11
9634101947	Military government	Form of government when the military took over and ruled. Promised to establish democracy and give power to the people at some point in the future	12
9634101948	Globalization of democracy	Social movement towards an institutional system of democracy. It would bypass all and give world citizens democratic access and a say in global activities	13
9634101949	Import substitution and export-led industrialization	A trade and economic policy aiming to speed up industrialization process of a country by exporting good when the nation has a comparative advantage	14