Unit 6 Biology - Excretion Flashcards

12282757667	Excretion	Process by which metabolic (cell) wastes are eliminated from the body.	0
12282771246	ADH	Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to increase water reabsorption in the nephron. Think yellow urine!	1
12282779423	Filtration	Substances travel from the glomerulus (blood) to Bowman's capsule (nephron). Ex. glucose, water, salt, urea.	2
12282790104	Reabsorption	Substances travel from the proximal convoluted tubule (nephron) to the surrounding capillaries (blood). Ex. water, sugar, salt.	3
12282810456	Secretion	Substances travel from the capillaries (blood) to the distal convoluted tubule (nephron). It is the last chance to remove waste from the blood. Ex. medications, some ions.	4
12282820973	Micturition	Another word for urination.	5
12282831113	Glomerulus	Ball of capillaries in the nephron responsible for the filtration of substances into Bowman's capsule.	6
12282837576	Bowman's capsule	Cup-shaped structure at the beginning of a nephron which encloses the glomerulus and where filtration takes place.	7
12282857529	Proximal convoluted tubule	Carries filtered substances to the loop of Henle. Also the site of reabsorption.	8
12282862489	Loop of Henle	Long tube in the center of a nephron where water reabsorption takes place. Desert animals have longer ones to conserve as much water as possible.	9
12282876390	Distal convoluted tubule	Connection between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct. Receives ions and medicines from the secretion process.	10
12379696784	Ammonia	A waste product produced by the liver during protein metabolism.	11
12379705246	Urea	A waste product formed in the liver to make ammonia less toxic.	12
12379751192	Salt	A waste product from digestion and body cell metabolism that is excreted through sweat and urine.	13
12379790973	Liver	An organ that plays a role in excretion by converting amino acids to ammonia and then urea.	14
12379810378	Kidney	The main excretory organ that filters the blood to remove waste from cell metabolism.	15
12379824386	Urine	Composed of water, urea and salts and is created by the kidney.	16
12379869223	Renal artery	Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.	17
12379874157	Renal vein	Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney towards the heart.	18
12379881313	Renal medulla	Inner part (middle) of the kidney that contains the lower portion of the nephrons.	19
12379892440	Renal cortex	Outer part (think crust) of the kidney that contains the upper portion of the nephrons.	20
12379902143	Renal pelvis	Funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter.	21
12379917324	Ureter	Tube that carries urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the bladder.	22
12379923484	Bladder	Hollow organ that collects urine.	23
12379932274	Urethra	Tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.	24
12379961170	Nephron	Functional unit of the kidney. There are millions. They filter the blood.	25
12380347568	Afferent arteriole	Carries blood to the glomerulus from the renal arteriole.	26
12380354584	Efferent arteriole	Carries blood away from the glomerulus to the capillaries surrounding the nephron.	27
12380366788	Renal arterioles	Carry blood from the renal artery to the afferent arterioles.	28
12380381999	Renal venules	Carry blood from the capillaries surrounding the nephron to the renal vein.	29
12380443835	Aldosterone	Hormone made by the adrenal glands (on top of the kidneys) to increase salt retention by the kidneys. There will be less salt in the urine.	30
12380506881	Capillaries	Blood vessels that surround the nephron to allow the exchange of substances.	31
12380519951	Collecting duct	Tube the carries urine from the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis.	32