Biology Chapter 3 - Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 8498166262 | organic compound | made primarily of carbon atoms |  | 0 |
| 8498166263 | functional group | clusters of atoms influencing the characteristic of most organic compounds |  | 1 |
| 8498166264 | monomers | simple molecules that build carbon compounds |  | 2 |
| 8498166265 | polymer | a molecule that consists of repeated linked units |  | 3 |
| 8498166266 | macromolecules | large polymers (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) |  | 4 |
| 8498166267 | condensation reaction | monomers linked by a chemical reaction to form polymers and water |  | 5 |
| 8498166268 | hydrolysis | water is used to break down complex molecules such as polymers |  | 6 |
| 8498166269 | adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | a high energy molecule found in every cell |  | 7 |
| 8498166270 | carbohydrate | an organic macromolecule composed of monosaccharides made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a 1C:2H:1O ratio (e.g. glycogen, starch, cellulose) |  | 8 |
| 8498166271 | monosaccharide | type of carbohydrate also known as a simple sugar |  | 9 |
| 8498166272 | disaccharide | two monosaccharides combined to form a double sugar |  | 10 |
| 8498166273 | polysaccharide | complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |  | 11 |
| 8498166274 | protein | an organic macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; formed by linking amino acids (e.g. enzymes, hair, and horns) |  | 12 |
| 8498166275 | amino acids | monomers that link together to form proteins |  | 13 |
| 8498166276 | peptide bond | a covalent bond created by two amino acids |  | 14 |
| 8498166277 | polypeptides | a long chain of amino acids |  | 15 |
| 8498166278 | substrate | the reactant that is broken apart by an enzyme |  | 16 |
| 8498166279 | active site | the part of the enzyme shaped to allow a substrate to attach to it |  | 17 |
| 8498166280 | lipid | an organic macromolecule with a water loving glycerol head and water hating fatty acid tails (e.g. triglycerides, phospholipid, steroids, waxes, and pigments) |  | 18 |
| 8498166281 | fatty acids | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |  | 19 |
| 8498166282 | triglycerides | three molecules of fatty acids joined to one molecule of glycerol |  | 20 |
| 8498166283 | phospholipid | two hydrophobic fatty acids attached to a hydrophilic molecule of glycerol; two layers of these makes up the cell membrane |  | 21 |
| 8498166284 | wax | type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |  | 22 |
| 8498166285 | steroid | composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |  | 23 |
| 8498166286 | nucleic acid | an organic macromolecule composed of nucleotides made of nitrogenous bases between sugar and phosphate group (e.g. DNA and RNA); store and transport important info |  | 24 |
| 8498166287 | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | contains information that determines the characteristic of an organism and directs its cell activities |  | 25 |
| 8498166288 | ribonucleic acid (RNA) | stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins |  | 26 |
| 8498166289 | nucleotide | made of three main components: a phosphate group, a 5 carbons sugar, and a ring shaped nitrogenous base |  | 27 |
| 8498166290 | enzyme | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts; each one helps break down only on one specific substrate that fits into the folds of its active site; used over and over |  | 28 |
| 8498166291 | catalyst | reduce the activation energy needed in a reaction |  | 29 |