Endocrine System (AP Bio) Flashcards

13546517501	Endocrine System	the sum of all of an animal's hormone secreting cells and tissues. Uses endocrine glands to secrete hormones directly into the body fluids. Regulated by positive and negative feedback.	0
13546517502	Hormones	Chemical messengers that cause a response in target cells.	1
13546517503	Cell surface receptors	Bind the hormone on the surface of the cell (for water soluble/polar hormones), initiating a signal transduction pathway in the target cell. Ex: binding of epinephrine in a liver cell causes a cascade leading to the conversion of glycogen to glucose.	2
13546517504	Intracellular receptors	Bind lipid soluble hormones- found within the cell. Usually result in a change in gene expression. Example: Testosterone enters the cell and binds to its receptor; this complex enters the nuclei of the target cells, binds to DNA, and turns on a specific gene.	3
13546517505	Negative Feedback in endocrine system	the response reduces the initial stimulus (by decreasing hormone signaling).	4
13546517506	Positive Feedback in endocrine system	Reinforces a stimulus, leading to a greater response.	5
13546517507	Are hormones in the body specific?	Hormones can affect one tissue, a few tissue, or most of the tissues, or other glands. Usually, one hormone can initiate a different signaling cascade/response in different tissues.	6
13546517508	Tropic Hormones	Hormones that affect other endocrine glands.	7
13546517509	hypothalamus	receives information from nerves throughout the body and from other parts of the brain and then initiates endocrine signals in response.	8
13546517510	Example of Negative feedback in Endocrine System: control of blood calcium (Note; not necessary to memorize this- this image is provided as an example. You should be able to follow the general scheme of sitmulus-> sensor (gland/organ ) -> messenger (hormone) -> target -> response		9