AP Biology Protein Synthesis Flashcards
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| 13506012845 | Transcription | Process that converts DNA Nucleic Acid language into RNA Nucleic Acid language. | 0 | |
| 13506012846 | RNA Structure | • Ribose sugar. • Nitrogen bases: Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine. • Single stranded. | 1 | |
| 13506012847 | Template Strand | Transcribed DNA strand; the strand of DNA that is temporarily paired with the RNA. | 2 | |
| 13506012849 | RNA Polymerase | Transcribes genes into mRNA. | 3 | |
| 13506012850 | Promoter Region | Binding site before beginning of gene; for RNA Polymerase and transcription factors. | 4 | |
| 13506012851 | TATA Box Binding Site | A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex. | 5 | |
| 13506012853 | Initiation Complex | Transcription factors bind to promoter region. Trigger the binding of RNA Polymerase to DNA. | 6 | |
| 13506012854 | Exons | The real gene; expressed/coding DNA. | 7 | |
| 13506012855 | Introns | The junk genetic material; INbetween sequence. | 8 | |
| 13506012856 | mRNA Splicing | Post-transcriptional processing; edits out introns. | 9 | |
| 13506012857 | Pre-mRNA | Primary transcript of the process. | 10 | |
| 13506012861 | Alternative Splicing | Alternative mRNAs produced from same gene; different segments treated as exons. | 11 | |
| 13506012862 | Post-Transcriptional Processing | Need to protect mRNA on its trip from nucleus to cytoplasm; enzymes in cytoplasm attack mRNA. | 12 | |
| 13506012863 | mRNA Caps | 5' GTP Cap and Poly-A Tail; longer tail, mRNA lasts longer: produces more protein. |  | 13 |
| 13506012865 | Translation | From nucleic acid language to amino acid language. | 14 | |
| 13506012866 | Codon | A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. | 15 | |
| 13506012869 | Anti-Codon | Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon. | 16 | |
| 13506012870 | tRNA | Transfer RNA: follows its complementary codon, carries a specific attached amino acid. | 17 | |
| 13506012871 | Ribosomes | Facilitate coupling of tRNA anticodon to mRNA codon. Organelle/enzyme hybrid. | 18 | |
| 13506012872 | Structure of Ribosomes | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. Large and small subunits. | 19 | |
| 13506012879 | Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes | Translation and transcription coupled, translation begins before transcription is completed. | 20 | |
| 13506052333 | ribosome | site of protein synthesis | 21 |