AP Flashcards
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| 13971594519 | Longitude | the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian, vertical lines | 0 | |
| 13971597047 | Latitude | distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees, horizontal lines | 1 | |
| 13971599859 | Robinson Map | Compromises polar areas, shows little distortion, hard to see poles | 2 | |
| 13971603155 | Mercator Map | Area larger near poles, shows direction | 3 | |
| 13971609238 | Azimuthal Map | Latitude lines, used for planes | 4 | |
| 13971614586 | Demography | Study of population characteristics | 5 | |
| 13971616892 | Crude Birth Rate | The number of live births per year per 1,000 people. | 6 | |
| 13971618853 | Crude Death Rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. | 7 | |
| 13971621354 | Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) | The percentage of annual growth in a population excluding migration. | 8 | |
| 13971622851 | infant mortality rate | the death rate during the first year of life | 9 | |
| 13971624524 | total fertility rate | The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years. | 10 | |
| 13971627447 | Arithmetic Density | # of people/square miles | 11 | |
| 13971629441 | Physiological Density | # of people/miles of farm land | 12 | |
| 13971634744 | 5 Main Population Concentrations | East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, Northeast US, Southeast Canada | 13 | |
| 13971641439 | Malthus | Food will increase 1 by 1 but population will multiply, population growth will outpace food. | 14 | |
| 13971656093 | Eugenic Policy | Policy that favors one group | 15 | |
| 13971660506 | Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. | 16 | |
| 13971669152 | Hierarchichal Diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or note of authority or power to other persons or places | 17 | |
| 13971671213 | Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. | 18 | |
| 13971679261 | Time-Space Compression | the rapid innovation of communication and transportation technologies associated with globalization that transforms the way people think about space and time | 19 | |
| 13971684784 | Isogloss | A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. | 20 | |
| 13971690041 | Creole Language | a language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in a place of the mother tongue | 21 | |
| 13971715772 | Heartland Theory (Mackinder) | Central Europe is the pivot area that leads to dominating the world | 22 | |
| 13971718141 | Rimland Theory (Spykman) | Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest. | 23 | |
| 13971723368 | World Systems Theory | Theory originated by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, separates countries depending on social standings, political power, and economic development. | 24 | |
| 13971729139 | Balkanization | Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities | 25 | |
| 13971733830 | Antecedent Boundaries | A boundary line established before an area is populated | 26 | |
| 13971735879 | Subsequent Boundary | a boundary line that is established after the area in question has been settled and that considers the cultural characteristics of the bounded area | 27 | |
| 13971738633 | Superimposed Boundaries | A boundary chosen by an outside power. | 28 | |
| 13971744472 | Boundary 3 D's | Defined (written on a legal document), delimit (put on maps), demarcate (physically marked) | 29 | |
| 13971749649 | Law of the Sea | 12 nm territorial, 12 nm high seas, 200 nm eez | 30 | |
| 13971757706 | Agricultural Heaths | Central America/Northwestern South America, Western Africa, Southeast Asia | 31 | |
| 13971763549 | Neolithic (1st) Agricultural Revolution | Transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture | 32 | |
| 13971769460 | Second Agricultural Revolution | improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce, subsistence to commercial | 33 | |
| 13971776618 | Green Revolution | Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. | 34 | |
| 13971778149 | environmental determinism | A doctrine that claims that cultural traits are formed and controlled by environmental conditions. | 35 | |
| 13971780158 | Possibilism | The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives. | 36 | |
| 13971789930 | Imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. | 37 | |
| 13971793350 | tertiary economic activity | services, nurses, lawyers, etc. | 38 | |
| 13971796277 | quaternary economic activity | collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital | 39 | |
| 13971798306 | quinary economic activity | Service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high-level management. | 40 | |
| 13971800024 | Least Cost Theory | Model developed by Alfred Weber, factors are transportation cost, available labor, and agglomeration | 41 | |
| 13971814108 | 4 Asian Tigers | Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan | 42 | |
| 13971815554 | 4 little tigers | Malaysia, Vietnam, Phillipines, Indonesia | 43 | |
| 13971820785 | Industrial Revolution Movement | Hearth in England, then to West Europe, North America, Japan, & world | 44 | |
| 13971831292 | Rust Belt | Auto plants surrounding Great Lakes | 45 | |
| 13971837479 | Transnational Corporation | Companies with divisions across the globe to reduce transportation costs of products and people | 46 | |
| 13971848765 | multinational corporation | Similar to a transnational corporation, but provides services adapted to local surroundings | 47 | |
| 13971864124 | Traditional Society (Rostows) | Primary and subsistence | 48 | |
| 13971867367 | Preconditions for takeoff (Rostows) | Advancements in tech, changes to environment for agricultural purposes. | 49 | |
| 13971872488 | Takeoff (Rostow) | Secondary sectors expand, textile industries are usually first. | 50 | |
| 13971878698 | Drive to maturity (Rostows) | new and expanded industries, manufacturing shifts from labor to capitol driven | 51 | |
| 13971884511 | Age of high mass consumption (Rostows) | High tech, focus on economy | 52 | |
| 13971889885 | Human Development Index (HDI) | Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy | 53 | |
| 13971936018 | primate city | The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement. | 54 | |
| 13971936019 | rank-size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement. | 55 | |
| 13971938215 | hinterland | The market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves. | 56 | |
| 13971938235 | Concentric Zone Model | states that lower class lives closer to CBD | 57 | |
| 13971943563 | sector model | states that locations of the zones depends on transportation routes, Hoyt | 58 | |
| 13971949753 | multiple-nucei model | counters that large cities develop by spreading nodes of growth, not just one | 59 | |
| 13971953538 | decentralization | the process of taking power from state or regionsal government and giving it to local ones (deconcentration, delegation, devolution) | 60 | |
| 13971959630 | Neolocalism | seeking out the regional culture and reinvigorating it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world | 61 | |
| 13971965411 | Gravity Model | Measures based on mass and distance | 62 | |
| 13983253052 | World Regions | North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Russian Federation, Asia, Europe, Oceania | 63 | |
| 13983314958 | Ester Boserup | The population growth forces an increased use of technology in farming and requires a conservation from extensive to intensive subsistence agriculture. POPULATION CHANGES DRIVES THE INTENSITY FOR AGRICULTURAL POPULATION | 64 | |
| 13983394169 | Walter Christaller | Central Place Theory | 65 | |
| 13983440216 | Chauncey Harris and E.L. Ulman | Modern cities develop by peripheral spread of many nodes not one CBD, multiple nuclei model | 66 | |
| 13983467464 | E.G. Ravenstein | Laws of migration: most migrants only go a short distance, long distance migrants favor big city destination, most migration proceeds step-by-step, most migration is rural to urban, migration produces counterflow, most migrants are young adult males | 67 | |
| 13983658975 | Carl Sauer | He helped us find agricultural hearths | 68 | |
| 13983697824 | Organic Theory | Biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth maturity, and old age. | 69 | |
| 14001472505 | Concentric Zone Model | Burgess, city grows outwards like the growth rings of a tree | 70 | |
| 14001488510 | Sector Model | Hoyt, as a city grows in wedges out, certain areas are more attractive of different activities. | 71 | |
| 14001501641 | Multiple Nuclei | C.D. Harris and E.L. Ullman, a city includes multiple structures in which activity revolves | 72 | |
| 14001522331 | Galactic City Model | Harris, made of an inner city, with large suburban residential and business areas surrounding it. | 73 |