AP Blood/Immune Flashcards
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| 9210405259 | Yes | Is blood connective tissue? | 0 | |
| 9210411624 | Mesenchyme | Where does blood rise from embryologically? | 1 | |
| 9210423634 | ~55% Plasma ~45% cells | What percentage of blood is plasma? Cells? | 2 | |
| 9210442144 | Fibrinogen | What is the soluble matrix? | 3 | |
| 9210446491 | Turns into fibrin. | What happens to fibrin when it clots? | 4 | |
| 9210451604 | 9-% H2O, 10% H2O Soluble components | What are the plasma components? | 5 | |
| 9210459263 | Electrolytes 7% proteins (of this 60% is albumin) Fats (cholesterol) Glucose | What are the H2O Soluble Components? | 6 | |
| 9210471743 | A chemistry panel | How do you analyze the components? | 7 | |
| 9210479538 | The percentage of white blood cells and platelets (1%) | What is the buffy coat? | 8 | |
| 9210487961 | ~45% | What percentage of the hematopoietic system should be RBCs? | 9 | |
| 9210492502 | Distribution/carrying of oxygen, carbon dioxide, metabolic waste, hormones Protection with WBCs, antibodies, clotting factors and platelets Regulation/homeostasis of body temperature, pH balance, blood volume | What are the functions of blood? | 10 | |
| 9210515154 | Small, reddish donut shape | What shape are RBCs? | 11 | |
| 9210521890 | 280 million | How much hemoglobin per one RBC? | 12 | |
| 9210527186 | They don't have a nucleus, and use anaerobic metabolism | What is special about RBCs? | 13 | |
| 9210537535 | 4 O2 per Hb | How much can one hemeglobin particle can carry O2? | 14 | |
| 9210547464 | lungs ---> O2 + Hb <--------------------> HbO2 <--- Tissues | What is the Hb/O2 binding reaction? | 15 | |
| 9210562651 | Dark red | What colour is Hb (deoxyhemoglobin)? | 16 | |
| 9210565989 | Bright red | What colour is HbO2 (oxyhemoglobin)? | 17 | |
| 9210573689 | Carbaminohemoglobin | What amino acid is CO2 carried on? | 18 | |
| 9210580085 | Low RBC: hemorrhage, blood donation, pathogen that causes hemolysis, aaplastic anemia (destruction of bone marrow), sudden exposure to high altitude | What are the one cause of anemia? | 19 | |
| 9210598870 | Low hemoglobin: Iron deficient (small and pale RBC called "microcytes) Pernicious anemia (low vitamin B12, causes large pale "macrocytes") | What is another cause of anemia? | 20 | |
| 9210617734 | Altered hemoglobin from genetics: Thalassemias, sickle cell anemia | What is one final cause of anemia? | 21 | |
| 9210629234 | Polycythemia - viscous blood | What would happen if a person had too many RBCs? | 22 | |
| 9210649696 | Neutrophils (Never) Lymphocytes (Let) Monocytes (Monkeys) Eosinophils (Eat) Basophils (Bananas) | What is the mnemonic for WBCs? | 23 | |
| 9210761475 | How WBC move through the venule side of a capillary bed to get to the site of damage. | What is diapedesis? | 24 | |
| 9210767963 | They follow chemical signals. | How do WBCs know where to exit? | 25 | |
| 9210780482 | Neutrohpils, Eosinophils, Basophils | What are the granulocytes? |  | 26 |
| 9210783182 | Monocytes, lymphocytes | What are the agranulocytes? | | 27 |
| 9210817231 | T Cells and B cells Lymph tissues (spleen, lymph nodes) | Lymphocytes are composed of what type of WBC? Where do they originate? | 28 | |
| 9210809502 | An infection | Lymphocytes are indicative of what type of pathology? | 29 | |
| 9210838580 | Parasites | Eosinophils are indicative of what type of pathology? | 30 | |
| 9210840544 | The inflammatory process (histamine) | Basophils are indicative of what type of pathology? | 31 | |
| 9210844452 | Bacterial infection (phagocytosis) | Neutrophils are indicative of what type of pathology? | 32 | |
| 9210850072 | Viral infection, TB, parasites | Macrophages are indicative of what type of pathology? | 33 | |
| 9237485399 | The production of blood cells from a hematopietic stem cell. | What is hematopoiesis? | 34 | |
| 9237487820 | An immature RBC | What is a hematocytoblast? | 35 | |
| 9237493211 | Lymphocyte | What does a lymphoid stem cell turn into? | 36 | |
| 9237494220 | Red blood cell | What does a proerythroblast turn into? | 37 | |
| 9237495444 | Platelets | What does megakaryocyte turn into? | 38 | |
| 9237496854 | Interluekins and colony-stimulating factors | What are the two families of cytokines? | 39 | |
| 9237498103 | Cytokines between leukoctyes | What doe interleukins do? | 40 | |
| 9237504004 | Support | What do colony-stimulating factors do? | 41 | |
| 9237505598 | Too little or few | What does the term "penia" mean? | 42 | |
| 9237506148 | Low WBC | What is leukopenia? | 43 | |
| 9237507075 | Cancer that causes too many WBCs | What is leukemia? | 44 | |
| 9237508158 | Acute and chronic | What are the subtypes of leukemias? | 45 | |
| 9237508629 | Children; more severe | Where is acute leukemia found most commonly? | 46 | |
| 9237509075 | Adults; less severe | Where is chronic leukemia found most commonly? | 47 | |
| 9237510625 | Formation of RBCs | What is erythropoiesis? | 48 | |
| 9237511363 | About one week | How long does erythropoiesis take? | 49 | |
| 9237512247 | Erythropoietin | What is the hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis? | 50 | |
| 9237513607 | The kidneys | Where does erythropoietin hormone come from? | 51 | |
| 9237515520 | In cases of hypoxia | When does erythropoietin get released? | 52 | |
| 9237518104 | Spleen | Where are RBCs destroyed? | 53 | |
| 9237519904 | Transferrin | What protein reuses iron? | 54 | |
| 9237520628 | Bilirubin | What is heme degraded into? | 55 | |
| 9237523300 | Vascular spasms - contraction of the vessel smooth muscle, which is triggered by damage. | What is the first step of hemostasis? | 56 | |
| 9237525622 | Platelet plug - temporary seal of area, occurs in ~1 min Adhesion - damaged endothelial cells contract and expose collagen, where platelets stick Degranulation - sticking causes shape changes and release of granules Aggregation - chemicals (ADP) are released to attract more platelets and make them more sticky | What is the second step of hemostasis? | 57 | |
| 9237532700 | Clotting | What is the third step of hemostasis? | 58 | |
| 9237713821 | 1. Formation of prothrombin activator 2. Prothrombin activator converts to thrombin 3. Thrombin converts soluble fiberinogen to insoluble fribrin | What is the clotting cascade? | 59 |