AP Biology- Macromolecules 2 Flashcards

13492641014	nonpolar	electrons shared equally	0
13492641015	polar	electrons shared unequally	1
13492641016	dehydration synthesis	condensation; joining compounds together with water released	2
13492641017	hydrolysis	breakdown of a compound by adding water	3
13492641018	polysaccharide	polymers of carbohydrates	4
13492641019	cellulose	structural polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls	5
13492641020	starch	storage polysaccharide found in plants	6
13492641021	fatty acid	hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end; majority portion in lipids	7
13492641022	saturated fat	fat without double bonds	8
13492641023	unsaturated fat	fat with double bonds	9
13492641024	peptide bond	bond creating amino acid chains or polymers	10
13492641025	primary structure	linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds	11
13492641026	secondary structure	protein formed with hydrogen bonds	12
13492641027	tertiary structure	3D conformation formed; determines specificity	13
13492641028	quaternary structure	protein with more than one polypeptide chain	14
13492641029	alpha helix	secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin)	15
13492641030	beta pleated sheet	secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk	16
13492641032	metabolism	sum of all chemical reactions that take place in cell	17
13492641033	cohesion	capacity to resist tension to rupture	18
13492641034	polymer	long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together	19
13492641035	monomer	building block for polymers; only made by producers	20
13492641036	adhesion	attraction between different kinds of molecules	21
13492641037	surface tension	measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	22
13492641038	evaporative cooling / heat of vaporization	property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules	23
13492641039	disulfide bridge	tertiary structure; strong covalent bond formed when one sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another	24
13492641040	hydrophobic interaction	tertiary structure; weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water change to exclude the water	25
13492641041	hydrocarbon	organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon	26
13492641042	macromolecule	giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules	27
13492641043	glycosodic linkage	covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration synthesis reaction	28
13492641044	nucleotide	building block of a nucleic acid; five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogen base and a phosphate group	29
13492641045	pyramidine	cytosine, thymine, and uracil; six-membered ring	30
13492641046	purine	adenine and guanine; six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring	31