AP Government -Unit 3 Flashcards

11346706164	Parliamentary System	A system of government in which the chief executive is the leader whose party holds the most seats in the legislature after an election or whose party forms a major part of the ruling coalition. A system of government in which the legislature selects the prime minister or president.	0
11346714833	unified government	the political condition in which the same political party controls the presidency and Congress	1
11361306409	divided government	Governance divided between the parties, as when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress.	2
11346714834	incumbent	(adj.) obligatory, required; (n.) one who holds a specific office at the time spoken of	3
11346739599	constituent	a person whom a member of Congress has been elected to represent	4
11346759386	Bicameral	A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses	5
11346809520	pork-barrel legislation	legislation that gives tangible benefits to constituents in several districts or states in the hope of winning their votes in return	6
11346823996	franking privilege	Benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage-free	7
11346827313	Junkets	Seemingly unnecessary trips made by members of Congress at the taxpayers expense.	8
11346834925	Appropriation	A legislative grant of money to finance a government program or agency	9
11346846511	majority leader	the legislative leader elected by party members holding the majority of seats in the House or Senate	10
11346860757	Filibuster	A lengthy speech designed to delay or kill the vote on a bill; used only in the Senate	11
11346895552	conference committee	Committee appointed by the presiding officers of each chamber to adjust differences on a particular bill passed by each in different form.	12
11347212120	Quorum	The minimum number of members who must be present to permit a legislative body to take official action	13
11347215202	How a bill becomes a law	Bill is introduced in either house; sent to committee to be approved, rewritten, or killed; sent to the floor for debate and vote; sent to the other chamber for the same process; both houses pass the revised bill; sent to president for approval; president signs, (or, if vetoed, must have 2/3 vote of both houses to override); bill becomes a law. 1. written 2. discussed in committee + voted 3. discussed in House of Reps. and Senate + voted on in both 4. President signs it or vetoes it (which brings back to Congress, needs 2/3 vote to override veto)	14
11347222718	Gerrymandering	Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.	15
11347225993	Apportionment	Distribution of representatives among the states based on the population of each state	16
11347233264	safe districts	Districts in which incumbents win by margins of 55 percent or more.	17
11347238157	Prime Minister	the head of an elected government; the principal minister of a sovereign or state.	18
11347241255	Bureaucracy	a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.	19
11347248394	bureaucratic pathologies	the problems that tend to develop in bureaucratic systems. Problems shared by all or most federal bureaus or agencies. They include bureaucratic red tape, mission conflict, mission duplication, agency imperialism, and bureaucratic waste.	20
11347259947	Iron Triangle v. issue network	A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group Relationships among interest groups, congressional committees and subcommittees, and the government agencies that share a common policy concern.	21
11347276393	Bully Pulpit	the president's use of his prestige and visibility to guide or enthuse the American public	22
11347282853	Veto	Chief executive's power to reject a bill passed by a legislature	23
11347282854	pocket veto	A veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it.	24
11347288203	Impeachment	An action by the House of Representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the United States of committing "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."	25
11347295817	lame duck	an outgoing official serving out the remainder of a term, after retiring or being defeated for reelection	26
11347299048	Imperial Presidency	Term used to describe a president as an "emperor" who acts without consulting Congress or acts in secrecy to evade or deceive congress	27
11347308433	Executive orders	Regulations originating with the executive branch. Executive orders are one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy. Formal orders issued by the president to direct action by the federal bureaucracy.	28
11347317934	War Powers Resolution of 1973	Enacted to give Congress a greater voice in presidential decisions committing military forces to hostile situations overseas. Requires that the president notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops. Requires the president to bring troops home from hostilities within 60-90 days unless Congress extends the time. A law passed in 1973 spelling out the conditions under which the president can commit troops without congressional approval.	29
11347328514	Pyramid Cabinet	basically like a hierarchy so not everyone goes directly to the president.	30
11347331511	Circular Cabinet	when the president's assistants report directly to him.	31
11347335266	Judicial Review	The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional. review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.	32
11347350981	activist philosophy	when theres a law and judges interpret it based on the situation.	33
11347354935	writ of certiorari	Order by the Supreme Court directing a lower court to send up the records of a case for review	34
11347364697	amicus curiae	A Latin term meaning "friend of the court." Refers to interested groups or individuals, not directly involved in a suit, who may file legal briefs or oral arguments in support of one side.	35
11347374495	Opinion of the Court	An explanation of the decision of the Supreme Court or any other appellate court.	36
11347374496	concuring opinion	Judges opinion that reaches the SAME result as the MAJORITY OPINION of the Court, but usually for a DIFFERENT REASON than that stated by the other judges in the marjority	37
11347385426	dissenting (minority) opinion	written explanation of the views of one or more judges who disagree with a decision reached by a majority of the court. written documentation of the opinion of the minority voters (maybe 1 or more judges)	38
11347395295	stare decisis	Let the decision stand; decisions are based on precedents from previous cases	39
11347399859	United States v. Nixon	U.S. Supreme Court case that limited executive privilege. The 1974 case in which the Supreme Court unanimously held that the doctrine of executive priveledge was implicit in the Constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions. Pardons+reprieves	40
11347406536	Marbury v. Madison	This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review	41
11362178509	Restraint Judicial Philosophy	That just go straight up by the law no joke no mercy.	42
11362305517	Russia	Executive: President Legislative: Federal assembly Judicial: Independent branch	43
11362311293	Nigeria	Executive: President Legislative: National Assembly Judicial: Federal Courts	44
11362316998	Britain	Executive: Royalty and prime minister Legislative: Parliament Judicial: Supreme court	45
11362326064	Iran	Executive: President Legislative: Islamic Assembly Judicial: Layered Courts	46
11362332447	Mexico	Executive: President Legislative: Bicameral congress Judicial: Federal and state courts	47
11362337841	China	Executive: President Legislative: National people congress Judicial: Independent court system	48