AP Human Geography Unit 6- Language Flashcards

8796448959	language	a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another	0
8796457708	mutual intelligibility	the ability of two people to understand each other when speaking	1
8796463313	standard language	The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications	2
8796463314	accent	the manner in which people speak and the way words are pronounced in different parts of the world	3
8796463315	dialects	different forms of the same language that have unique words, meanings, and pronunciations	4
8796465786	slang	informal language	5
8796465787	dialect chain		6
8796465788	isogloss	A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate	7
8796468604	language families	Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin	8
8796468605	language branch	a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago	9
8796472501	language group	set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics	10
8796472502	subfamilies	divisions within a language family	11
8796472503	sound shift	slight change in a word across related languages from the present backward toward its origin	12
8796477618	proto-indo-european	the original language from which almost all modern European languages descend	13
8796477619	proto-tongue	original language	14
8796483891	backward reconstruction	The tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backward" toward the original language	15
8796483892	extinct language	A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.	16
8796488494	deep reconstruction	process by which an extinct language is recreated	17
8796488495	nostratic language		18
8796491913	language divergence	new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects	19
8796491914	language convergence	collapsing of two language into one	20
8796494688	language replacement	Replacing a language	21
8796494689	conquest theory	theory of how proto-inko european spread into europe that speakers spread westward on horseback	22
8796497287	dispersal hypothesis	the hypothesis that the Indo-European languages were carried around east then west	23
8796497288	romance languages	Any of the languages derived from Latin including Italian, Spanish, French, and Romanian	24
8796500649	germatic languages		25
8796500650	slavic languages	Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, slovenian, Serbo-croation, bulgarian	26
8796504373	lingua france	the language used by a population as their common language	27
8796504374	pidgin language	When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary	28
8796509293	creole language	a language that develops from a pidgin language and is taught as a first language	29
8796509294	monolingual states	countries in which only one language is spoken	30
8796515970	multilingual states	countries in which more than one language is spoken	31
8796515971	official language	the required language of instruction in schools, government business, courts,	32
8796519686	global language	a common language of trade and commerce used around the world	33
8796523170	toponyms	the name by which a geographical place is known	34
8796525353	afro-asiatic family	4th largest includes arabic and hebrew	35
8796527498	amerind family		36
8796527499	austronesian family		37
8796531063	dravidian family		38
8796533609	indo-european family		39
8796533610	niger-congo family		40
8796537897	sino-tibetan family		41