AP Biology Ecology Review Flashcards

13847073481	Ecology	the study of interactions between organisms and their environment	0
13847075593	Environmental Science	the study of human impact on biological and physical attributes of the natural world	1
13847081637	Ecologist	deals with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms	2
13849386910	Environmental Scientist	focused on the study of relationships of the natural world and the relationships between organisms and their environment	3
13849392499	Abiotic	nonliving	4
13849393838	Abiotic examples	wind, temperature, soil, sunlight and water	5
13849395334	Biotic	living	6
13849396419	Biotic examples	animals, plants, behaviors and interactions between organisms	7
13849399770	Biomes	major types of ecosystems that occupy very broad geographic regions	8
13849410433	Tropical Forest	very high annual rainfall, high average temperatures, poor soil and high levels of biodiversity	9
13849413280	Desert	high temperatures, strong winds, variation in rainfall and low humidity	10
13849430969	Savanna	not too much rainfall, grassland with scattered trees and shrubs	11
13849433887	Chaparral	receive some rainfall, high temperature, and can be dry	12
13849446160	Northern Coniferous Forest	amount of rainfall depends on location, winters long and cold and summers are warm and moist	13
13849440664	Temperate Broadleaf Forest	warm and cool seasons, rainy climates and can have a dry season	14
13849451350	Tundra	low precipitation, dry winds, ground can be permanently frozen, and have desert like climates	15
13849455016	Lakes	formed by remnants of glaciers, blocked rivers, rivers that fill natural basins and small areas of still or slow moving water	16
13849458152	Wetlands	a lot of water permanently or seasonally, hydric soil and aquatic plants	17
13849461470	Streams & Rivers	water doesn't find an underground aquifer and drains off land by either seeping through soil or spilling over the surface	18
13849471032	Wstuaries	area where a freshwater river or stream meets the oceans and it is a place where sea water is diluted by fresh water from land drainage	19
13849474027	Intertidal Zones	submerged with water during high tide and exposed to the air during low tide and the zone cam take many forms from sandy beaches to rocky cliffs	20
13849483456	Oceanic Pelagic Zone	governed by the abundance of nutrients and dissolved oxygen, sunlight, water temperature and pressure	21
13849492407	Coral Reefs	developed in warm, shallow waters along land formations and has many marine species	22
13849497002	Marine Benthic Zone	lowest level of a body of water, lake or stream and it has sediment surface and some subsurface layers	23
13849502657	Phenotype	any measurable trait - physical, behavioral or physiological (genotype + environment)	24
13849507878	Kinesis	simple change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus	25
13849514631	Taxis	automatic, movement, oriented movement	26
13849515809	Migration	regular, long- distance change in location	27
13849518417	Logistic	S- curve, incorporates carrying capacity	28
13849519496	Exponential	Hockey stick shaped, ideal conditions and population grows rapdily	29
13849522928	Logistic Growth Calculation		30
13849572786	What is K?	Carrying capacity which is maximum stable population which can be sustained by environment	31
13849584372	Population Growth Rate	dN/ dt = rN	32
13849589435	Density Dependent	population matters	33
13849590710	Density Dependent examples	predation, disease, and competition	34
13849595060	Density Independent	population isn't a factor	35
13849596134	Density Independent factors	natural disasters such as fire, flood and weather	36
13849599851	Ecological Niche	the sum total of an organism's use of abiotic/ biotic resources in the environment	37
13849602456	Fundamental Niche	niche potentially occupied by the species	38
13849605033	Realized Niched	portion of fundamental niche the species actually occupies	39
13849612572	Competition	competition between organisms	40
13849614331	Predation	prey of one animals on others	41
13849615903	Mutualism	both benefit	42
13849617471	Commensalism	one benefits and one isn't impacted at all	43
13849618430	Parasitisim	nourishment from others	44
13849619377	Trophic Levels	links in the trophic structure, a community is determined by the feeding relationships between organism	45
13849623777	Primary Consumers	herbivores that eat primary producers	46
13849625181	Secondary Consumers	carnivores that eat herbivores	47
13849626745	Tertiary Consumers	carnivores that eat secondart consumers	48
13849628488	Detritivores	a type of decomposer	49
13849631026	Decomposer	important group of hetertrophs and they play an important role in material cycling	50
13849634901	1st Law of Conservation	energy can't be created or destroyed	51
13849652367	Matter Cycles	cycles through the ecosystem since it can never leave	52
13849657568	Biogeochemical Cycle	nutrient cycles that contain both biotic and abiotic components	53
13849662676	Keystone species	exert control on community structure by their important ecological niches	54
13849670019	Primary Succession	plants and animals gradually invade a region that was virtually lifeless where soil has not yet formed	55
13849675987	Secondary Succession	occurs when an existing community has been cleared by a disturbance that leaves the soil intact	56
13849678934	Carbon Cycle	CO2 removed by photosynthesis and added by burning of fossil fuels	57
13849682086	Nitrogen Cycle	Nitrogen Fixation (N2 --> plants by bacteria) Nitrification (ammonium --> nitrite --> nitrate) Absorbed by plants Denitrification (release N to atmosphere)	58
13849696081	Biomass Problems	NPP = GPP - R	59
13849697289	Primary Production	amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy	60
13849700129	Survivorship Curve	shows the number or proportion of individuals surviving each age for a given species or groups	61
13849712563	Altruism	selfless behavior	62
13849713527	Inclusive Fitness	total effect of producing own offspring	63
13849716507	Kin Selection	type of natural selection	64
13849721647	Climograph	plot of annual mean temperature and precipitation in a particular region	65
13849725635	Population	group of individuals of the same species that are spatially and temporally similar	66
13849729328	Dispersion	the pattern of spacing of individuals	67
13849733266	dN/dt	change in population	68
13849733267	r	growth rate or population	69
13849734746	N	population size	70
13849738130	3 variables of life history	1. age of sexual maturation 2. how often organism reproduces 3. number of offspring produced per reproductive episode	71
13849756114	Dominant Species	has the highest biomass or is the most abundant in the community	72
13849758737	Keystone species	exert control on community structure by their important ecological niches	73
13849765224	Ecosystem	sum of all the organisms living within it boundaries + abiotic factors with which they interact	74
13849770854	What are primary producers?	autotrophs ("self- feeders")	75
13849775997	GPP	gross primary production - total primary production in an ecosystem	76
13849778144	NPP	net primary production - storage of chemical energy available to consumers in an ecosystem	77
13849783786	R	respiration	78
13849793341	How much energy is transferred from one level to the next?	10%	79