AP Biology - Cellular Transport Flashcards

8364300572	Osmosis	Diffusion of water across a cell permeable membrane Water movement with the concentration gradient	0
8364300573	Diffusion	Movement of solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Solute movement is down or with the concentration gradient.	1
8364300574	Concentration Gradient	A difference in concentration between two areas. In biology we are concerned with concentrations inside and outside the cell	2
8364300575	Facilitated diffusion	Helping things across the membrane from an area of High Concentration to Low Concentration, with the use of a carrier protein, without energy	3
8364300576	Carrier Proteins	A protein that transports substances across the cell membrane.	4
8364300577	Aquiporin	water pore protein.- allows water molecules to move across the membrane	5
8364300578	Active transport	Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient Ion pumps, co- transport proteins	6
8364300579	Bulk transport	The process by which large particles and macromolecules are transported through plasma membranes. exocytosis and endocytosis	7
8364300580	Hydrophobic	"water-fearing" The lipid tail of the phospholipid	8
8364300581	Hydrophylic	attracted to water The phospholipid head of the water molecule	9
8364300582	Fluid mosaic model	molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer	10
8364300583	Glycoproteins	Carbohydrate chains attached to a membrane peripheral protein on the outer surface. Acts as a recognition site for hormones and neurotransmitters. Also allows cells to attach to one another to form tissues and recognize other cells.	11
8364300584	Glycolipids	Lipid chains attached to a membrane peripheral protein on the outer surface. involved in cell attachment and the recognition of other cells	12
8364300585	Hypotonic	A lower SOLUTE concentration outside the cell. A cell placed in this solution will cause the cell to gain water by osmosis. swells up! What is this condition called?	13
8364300586	Plasmolysis	Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water	14
8364300587	Crenation	shrinking of cells in a hypertonic solution due to Higher Solute / Less Water	15
8364300588	Turgid	A cell that is full of water as a result of entry of water due to osmosis such that pressure of the cell wall prevents more water entering. What is the cell environment? Hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic	16
8364300589	Hypertonic	Having a higher concentration of solute outside the cell. What happens to the cell?	17
8364300590	Isotonic	(used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure	18
8364300591	Solute	A substance that is dissolved in a solution.	19
8364300592	Solvent	A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances In biology we often consider water as the solvent	20
8364300593	Solution	A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.	21
8364300594	Concentration	A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent	22
8364300595	Electrochemical gradient	The concentration gradient of ions The cytoplasmic side of the cell tends to carry a negative charge	23
8364300596	Homeostasis	A tendency to maintain a balanced condition inside and outside the cell This term can be applied to almost any level of organization.	24
8364300597	Receptor mediated transport	A form of endocytosis that uses receptor proteins to recognize signaling molecules called ligands. Important for controlling cholesterol	25
8364300598	Endocytosis	Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of new vesicles from the plasma membrane.	26
8364300599	Exocytosis	Mechanism by which substances are moved from the cell interior to the extracellular space as a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane. Involves either the SER or Golgi apparatus	27
8364300600	Phagocytosis	"Cell eating" Our white blood cells do this	28
8364300601	Proton Pump		29
8364300602	Sodium Potassium Pump		30
8364300603	Cotransport		31
8364300604	Endocytosis		32
8364300605	Exocytosis		33
8364300606	Phagocytosis	An amoeba eating a paramecium We also have phagocytic white blood cells and specialized cells in our liver called Kupfer cells that "eat" damaged blood cells	34
8364300607	Pinocytosis	Which are specific forms of transport? Which are nonspecific forms of transport?	35