APES Flashcards
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| 11306858687 | Species richness | the number of species in a given area | 0 | |
| 11306858688 | species evenness | the relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area | 1 | |
| 11306858689 | Phylogeny | The branching pattern of evolutionary relationships | 2 | |
| 11306858690 | Evolution | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time | 3 | |
| 11306858691 | artificial selection | The process in which humans determine which individuals breed, typically with a preconceived set of traits in mind | 4 | |
| 11306858692 | Genetic drift | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating | 5 | |
| 11306858693 | Gene | a physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism | 6 | |
| 11306858694 | Natural selection | The process in which the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce | 7 | |
| 11306858695 | bottleneck effect | a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size | 8 | |
| 11306858696 | Genotype | the complete set of genes in an individual | 9 | |
| 11306858697 | Phenotype | a set of traits expressed by an individual | 10 | |
| 11306858698 | Adaptation | a trait that improves an individual's fitness | 11 | |
| 11306858699 | Extinction | The death of the last member of a species | 12 | |
| 11306858700 | Mutation | a random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process | 13 | |
| 11306858701 | Gene flow | The process by which individuals move from one population to another and thereby alter the genetic composition of both populations | 14 | |
| 11306858702 | Founder effect | A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals | 15 | |
| 11306858703 | allopatric speciation | The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation | 16 | |
| 11306858704 | sympatric speciation | The evolution of one species into two without geographic isolation | 17 | |
| 11306858705 | GMO | an organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species | 18 | |
| 11306858706 | range of tolerance | the limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate | 19 | |
| 11306858707 | niche generalist | a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions | 20 | |
| 11306858708 | Fundamental niche | The suite of abiotic conditions under which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce | 21 | |
| 11306858709 | niche specialist | A species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species | 22 | |
| 11306858710 | realized niche | The range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives | 23 | |
| 11306858711 | Mass extinction | A large extinction of species in a relatively shory period of time | 24 | |
| 11306858712 | Distribution of species | areas of the world in which a species lives | 25 | |
| 11306858713 | 6th mass extinction | The most current mass extinction of human causes | 26 |