Biochemistry AP Flashcards

12031710329	Isomers	molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures	0
12031722332	Structural isomers	differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms	1
12031730483	cis-trans isomers	carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but these atoms differ in their spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility of double bonds	2
12031741430	Enantiomers	have the same covalent arrangement and spatial arrangement but are mirror images of each other	3
12031774400	Hydroxyl group	-OH	4
12031781042	Hydroxyl group		5
12031811728	Carbonyl group		6
12031821692	Carboxyl group		7
12031830277	Amino Group		8
12031839843	Sulfhydryl Group		9
12031849190	Phosphate group		10
12031858180	Methyl Group		11
12031897895	Polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.	12
12031903076	Monomer	small chemical unit that makes up a polymer	13
12031912780	dehydration reaction	A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water	14
12031917902	hydrolysis reaction	A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water	15
12031929435	Carbohydrates	sugars and polymers of sugars	16
12031944490	Monosaccharides	Single sugar molecules	17
12031958942	glycosidic linkage	A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.	18
12031968161	Polysacchardies	the polymers of sugars	19
12031975081	starch	A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.	20
12031979643	glycogen	storage polysaccharide in animals	21
12031995052	Cellulose	Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls.	22
12032000471	Chitin	A structural polysaccharide found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.	23
12032014031	Lipids	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.	24
12032020934	Fats	lipid made of glycerol and fatty acids whose major function is energy storage	25
12032035527	Ester linkage	the bond between a fatty acid and a glycerol that forms a lipid	26
12032065070	Phospholipid	a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes	27
12032069800	hydrophobic	water fearing	28
12032075300	Hydrophilic	water loving	29
12032084518	Steroids	lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings	30
12032089715	Cholesterol	an important steroid which is a component in animal cell membranes	31
12032112895	Protein	macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed for a large variety of functions	32
12032143386	enzymatic proteins	selective acceleration of chemical reactions	33
12032174755	Defensive proteins	protection against disease	34
12032182184	Storage proteins	storage of amino acids	35
12032193794	Transport proteins	membrane proteins that help move substances across a cell membrane	36
12032200977	hormonal proteins	coordination of an organism's activities	37
12032208033	receptor proteins	response of cell to chemical stimuli	38
12032213200	motor proteins	A protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell.	39
12032218570	structural proteins	to support	40
12032223602	amino acids	building blocks of proteins	41
12032230400	peptide bond	The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid	42
12049229915	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	43
12049236119	primary structure	sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain	44
12049238019	secondary structure	hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causing coils and folds in the polypeptide chain	45
12049244288	tertiary structure	Results from interactions between side chains (R groups).	46
12049248474	quaternary structure	results from interactions between multiple polypeptide chains	47
12049253344	nucelic acids	macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus	48
12049300316	DNA	A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.	49
12049318149	RNA	single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose	50
12049320354	Nucleotide	monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	51
12049321908	Pyrimidines	cytosine, thymine, uracil	52
12049321909	Purines	Adenine and Guanine	53