AMSCO AP World History Chapter 3 Flashcards

10926073181	Herodotus	the first great Greek historian; wrote The Histories	0
10926073182	Homer	a Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey	1
10926073183	Iliad	an epic written by Homer that describes the events of the Trojan War	2
10926073184	Odyssey	an epic written by Homer that details the adventures of Odysseus	3
10926073185	Plato	a student of Socrates, opened the Academy; wrote dialogues and believed that "philosopher kings" should make decisions for the people	4
10926073186	The Republic	a work by Plato that describes an ideal society ruled by a government that rested upon a concept of justice and ethical values	5
10926073187	Aristotle	a student of Plato; wrote on a wide range of topics such as ethics, logic, and literature	6
10926073188	Sophocles	a playwright who used the myths of the gods as convenient literary devices for his plays	7
10926073189	Parthenon	a great temple in Athens that had been destroyed in war with Persia; rebuilt under Pericles' rule	8
10926073190	Persepolis	the capital of the Achaemenid Empire	9
10926073191	Socrates	a Greek thinker who emphasized continually asking questions	10
10926073192	Socratic Method	continually asking questions to systematically clarify another person's ideas and to identify the core of them	11
10926073193	Academy	a school opened by Plato; taught students to question the nature of ideas	12
10926073194	Logic	the science of the formal principle of reasoning	13
10926073195	Empiricism	trusting what one learns from observation and evidence of the senses rather than emphasizing intuition or religious beliefs	14
10926073196	Syncretic	combining ideas from different sources	15
10926073197	Zoroastrianism	One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia.	16
10926073198	Zarathustra	A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older) who founded Zoroastrianism.	17
10926073199	Cyrus the Great	led the Persians in 559BC to conquer lands from the Aegean Sea to India; rule ended in 529BC	18
10926073200	Delian League	Alliance between Athens and many of its allied cities following the first attempted invasion of Perisa into Greece. Caused a lot of wealth to flow into Athens and thus contributed to the Athenian "golden age."	19
10926073201	Darius I	a ruler of the Achaemenid Empire; divided the empire into provinces, formed a bureaucracy, and constructed many public works projects	20
10926073202	Xerxes	son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.	21
10926073203	Peloponnesian League	Sparta and other city-states in Southern Greece formed this alliance after the peninsula on which the cities were located	22
10926073204	Philip II	Macedonian king who sought to unite Greece under his banner until his death or murder. He was succeeded by his son Alexander.	23
10926073205	Alexander the Great	Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.	24
10926073206	Pericles	ruled over Athens in its Golden Age (461-429BC); rebuilt the Parthenon and reformed the government	25
10926073207	Polis	Ancient Greek city-state	26
10926073208	Monarchy	King (or queen) rules the state	27
10926073209	Aristocracy	Nobles rule the state	28
10926073210	Oligarchy	A few wealthy landowners and merchants rule	29
10926073211	Tyrants	leaders who seized power with the people's support	30
10926073212	Democracy	all citizens participate in government	31
10926073213	Direct Democracy	a government in which all citizens can vote directly on laws and other issues in a large assembly	32
10926073214	Representative Democracy	a government in which citizens elect leaders to represent them and give those leaders power to make make laws and govern	33
10926073215	Crete	An island in the Aegean Sea; home to the Minoans and Knossos	34
10926073216	Knossos	A beautiful city on Crete, built by the Minoans; for a while the wealthiest city on the Aegean Sea	35
10926073217	Minoan Civilization	Centered on Crete; grew rich from trade, but little agriculture; no writing from it has been deciphered	36
10926073218	Persian Wars	5th-4th centuries BC; conflict between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire resulting from competition	37
10926073219	Marathon	Site of the famous battle fought between the armies of Persia and the outnumbered Athenians. Athens was victorious and a messenger was sent to run the 26 miles back to the city with the news.	38
10926073220	Battle of Thermopylae	Battle in which Spartan king Leonidas and his army of 300 Spartans and other Greeks refused to surrender to the numerically superior Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae; they were annihilated to the man but allowed the other Greek forces to prepare for the Persian invasion.	39
10926073221	Sassanids	A civilization that replaced the Parthians. Right when they were emerging, Rome entered a civil war. Feeling threatened, Valerian attacked them in hopes of uniting Rome. When he lost, the eastern border became even weaker	40
10926073222	Athens	a powerful polis; known for its political and intellectual achievements	41
10926073223	Sparta	a powerful polis; known for developing a society organized around producing a powerful military	42
10926073224	Alexandria, Egypt	One of the cities founded by and named for Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies	43
10926073225	Hellenist Period	Culture associated with spread of Greek influence because of Macedonian conquests; Seen as combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms	44
10926073226	Hoplites	Infantry members recruited by poleis to defend their lands	45
10926073227	Helots	Slaves in Sparta	46
10926073228	Satraps	a ruler of a province who was responsible to the emperor, not to local leaders	47
10926073229	Spartan Women	ran households with greater freedom than other Greek women; received education, owned property, and weren't secluded	48
10926073230	Common Currency	A form of money that was accepted across the Persian Empire; made trade simpler	49
10926073231	Royal Road	Spanned 1500 miles across the Persian Empire; built by Darius, encouraged trade	50
10926073232	Achaemenid	Known as the Persian Empire, biggest empire at the time. Ruled by Cyrus the Great and grew to span 3 continents: Asia, Africa, and Europe. Known for innovaitons in postal systems, road systems, and the usage of an official language. Invaded by Alexander III and afterward collapsed.	51
10926073233	Solon	A reform-minded aristocrat who lived in the sixth century BCE, became known as a wise ruler who improved life in Athens. He is credited with setting free many Athenians enslaved for debt and limiting the amount of land any one man could own.	52
10926073234	Mycenae	Never conquered by the Minoans, yet it contained artifacts revealing a number of Minoan cultural ifnluences.	53
10926073235	Syracuse and Agrigentum	Some of the largest Greek Colonies that was located on the island of Sicily.	54
10926073236	Merchants	They thought that they should have more of a voice in government and when the aristocrats refused these demands, the merchants joined small farmers to support tyrants.	55
10926073237	Aristocrats	Nobles who refused merchants demands to have more of a voice in government and was in control.	56