AP Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards

10551051158	hindsight bias (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)	the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it	0
10551053347	Overconfidence	the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.	1
10551069030	independent variable	variable that is manipulated	2
10551070789	dependent variable	The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.	3
10551075571	double-blind procedure	an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.	4
10551077508	Placebo	a fake drug used in the testing of medication	5
10551081616	correlation	A measure of the relationship between two variables	6
10551090801	Mode	the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution	7
10551090802	mean	average	8
10551093569	Median	the middle score in a distribution	9
10551101808	standard deviation	a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score	10
10551106298	normal curve	the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes	11
10551108083	Causation	A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable.	12
10551153403	statistical significance	how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance	13
10551243794	naturalistic observation	observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation	14
10551259576	Theory	A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data	15
10551260665	Hypothesis	A testable prediction, often implied by a theory	16
10551285409	positive correlation	A correlation where as one variable increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same direction.	17
10551289125	negative correlation	as one variable increases, the other decreases	18
10551291676	perfect correlation	-1.00 or +1.00	19
10551308912	operational definition	a statement of the procedures used to define research variables	20
10551316350	random sampling	a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion	21
10551316351	random assignment	assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups	22
10551330088	case study method	an in-depth study of one or more individuals	23
10551352846	eclectic	choosing from various sources	24