AP Psych Ch. 3 Flashcards

11954082229	Nativists	psychologists who emphasize genes and inborn characteristics or nature	0
11954082230	Empiritics	psychologists who focus on learning and experience or nurture	1
11954082231	evolutionary psychology	emphasizes the evolutionary mechanisms that may help explain commonalities in language learning, attention, perception, memory, sexual behavior, emotion, reasoning, etc.	2
11954082232	behavioral genetics	An interdisciplinary field that studies the influence of genetic factors on behavioral traits.	3
11954082233	genes	basic functional units of heredity	4
11954082234	chromosomes	rod-shaped structures that carry genes in every cell's nucleus	5
11954082235	DNA	chromosomal molecule that transfers genetic characteristics by way of coded instructions for the structure of proteins	6
11954082236	Genome	The full set of genes in each cell of an organism	7
11954082237	Linkage studies	Studies that look for patterns of inheritance of genetic markers in large families in which a particular condition is common	8
11954082238	Genetic markers	A segment of DNA that varies among individuals, has a known location on a chromosome, and can function as a genetic landmark for a gene involved in a physical or mental condition	9
11954082239	Genotype	genetic makeup	10
11954082240	Phenotype	physical characteristics	11
11954082241	Punnett square	diagram that shows the gene combos possible from a genetic cross	12
11954082242	Evolution	A change in gene frequency within a pop. over many generations	13
11954082243	Natural selection	Individuals with genetically influenced traits that are adaptive in a particular environment tend to survive and reproduce more than other individuals	14
11954082244	5 innate human characteristics	Infant reflexes, an interest in novelty, a desire to explore and manipulate objects, an impulse to play and fool around, basic cognitive skills	15
11954082249	Language	a set of rules for combining elements that are inherently meaningless into utterances that convey meaning	16
11954082250	Syntax	rules of grammar that govern word order and other linguistic features that determine the role a word plays in a sentence	17
11954082251	Naom Chomsky	Argued that the brain must contain a Language Acquisition Device (an innate module that allows young children to develop language if they're exposed to an adequate sampling of conversation	18
11954082252	Language acquisition device	an innate mental module that allows young children to develop language if they are exposed to an adequate sampling of conversation	19
11954082253	Universal grammar	children are born w/ it, their brains are sensitive to the core features common to all languages	20
11954082259	Phonemes	smallest distinctive sound in a spoken language	21
11954082260	Morphemes	smallest unit of language that carries meaning (word or part of a word)	22
11954082261	Grammar	the system of rules in a language that enable us to communicate w/ and understand others	23
11954082262	Semantics	rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences	24
11954082263	Critical period	biologically determined, in language dev. during the first few years of life	25
11954082264	Instincts	behaviors relatively uninfluenced by learning that occur in all members of a species	26
11954082265	Sociobiology	interdisciplinary field that emphasizes evolutionary explanations of social behavior in animals	27
11954082266	Sociobiologists contend	We act in ways that maximize our chances of passing on our genes	28
11954082268	What do men tend to look for in a partner?	Youth and beauty	29
11954161884	What do women tend to look for in a partner?	Financial resources, status, & commitment	30
11954082270	Evolution may have instilled in us a tendency to select a mate based on _______ and ________.	Similarity, proximity	31
11954082271	Social Darwinism	notion that the wealthy and successful are more "re productively fit" than other people.	32
11954082272	Heritibility	The extent to which differences among people are attributed to genes	33
11954082273	Is asthma genetic or heritable?	Heritable	34
11954082276	What is an example of heritable traits being modified by the environment?	Malnourished kids don't grow as tall	35
11954082279	Set point	the weight at which your body is comfortable	36
11954082280	Fat cells	store fat for energy	37
11954082281	Basal metabolic rate	the rate at which the body burns calories	38
11954082282	Leptin	high levels= full low levels= hungry	39
11954082283	Lateral hypothalamus	feeding system, if stimulated you want to eat, if not you aren't hungry	40
11954082284	Ventromedial hypothalamus	stop system, tells you you're full	41
11954082285	Intelligence quotient (IQ)	derived from norms provided for standardized intelligence tests	42
11954082286	Old IQ method	MA (mental age)/CA (chronological age) times 100	43
11954082288	Adoption studies show	the scores of adopted children are more highly correlated with those of their birth parents than their adoptive parents	44
11954209158	Twin studies show	Identical twins' IQ scores are more highly correlated than those of fraternal twins	45
11954082289	Brain-scan studies show	Gray matter volume is highly heritable	46
11954082291	The environmental influences that can have a negative impact on mental ability are:	poor prenatal care, malnutrition, exposure to toxins, stressful family circumstances	47
11954082292	What can raise mental performance?	a healthy and stimulating environment	48
11954082296	Phenylketonuria (PKU)	prevents the body from assimilating protein and causes mental retardation solution: limit protein intake	49