Anatomy & Physoilogy Flashcards

10215779808	Physiology	the study of body function/body system	0
10215781733	Musculoskeletal system	the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the bod and permit movement	1
10215783660	ligament	tissue that connects bone to bone	2
10215785326	tendon	tissue that connects muscle to bone	3
10215787080	topography	refers to the external landmarks of body structures	4
10215789048	cranium	top, back, and sides of the skull	5
10215789049	mandible	lower jaw bone. It is the only movable part of the skull	6
10215791740	nasal bones	nose bones	7
10215791741	orbits	the bony structures around the eyes; eye sockets	8
10215793391	occiput	the back of the skull	9
10215796138	zygomatic arches	bones that form the structure of the cheeks	10
10215796139	verterbrae	the thirty-three bones of the spinal column	11
10215798834	Cervial	the top 7 bones of the spinal column	12
10215802922	thoracic	the mid 12 bones of the spinal column	13
10215804903	lumbar	the bottom 5 bones of the spinal column	14
10215805797	thorax	the chest	15
10215805798	sternum	the breastbone	16
10215805799	manubrium	the superior portion of the sternum	17
10215806914	xiphoid	the inferior portion of the sternum	18
10215808072	pelvis	the basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities	19
10215810081	ilium	the superior and widest portion of the pelvis	20
10215811000	ischium	the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis	21
10215811864	acetabulum	the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint	22
10215813627	femur	the large bone of the thigh	23
10215816317	patella	the kneecap	24
10215816318	tibia	the medial and large bone of the lower leg	25
10215818332	fibula	the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg	26
10215823523	malleolus	protrusion on the side of the ankle. the lateral malleolus, at the lower end of the fibula, is seen on the outer ankle; the medial malleolus, at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle.	27
10215827946	tarsals	the ankle bones	28
10215828827	metatarsals	the foot bones	29
10215828828	calcaneus	the heel bone	30
10215831039	phalanges	the toe bones and finger bones	31
10215831040	clavicle	the collarbone	32
10215832243	scapula	the shoulder blade	33
10215832244	acromion process	the highest portion of the shoulder	34
10215834529	acromiocalvicular	the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet	35
10215836979	humerus	the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow	36
10215838614	radius	the lateral bone of the forearm	37
10215841715	ulna	the medial bone of the forearm	38
10215841716	carpals	the wrist bones	39
10215843698	metacarpals	the hand bones	40
10215843699	joint	the point where two bones come together	41
10215845431	voluntary muscle	muscle that can be consciously controlled	42
10215846860	involuntary muscle	muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled	43
10215849909	cardiac muscle	specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart	44
10215851264	automaticity	the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own	45
10215852500	respiratory system	the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. Also called the pulmonary system	46
10215856526	oropharynx	the area directly posterior to the mouth	47
10215858666	nasopharynx	the area posterior to the nose	48
10215859966	pharynx	the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. it is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx	49
10215863509	epiglottis	a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea	50
10215865946	larynx	the voice box	51
10215865947	cricoid cartillage	the ring-shaped strucutre that forms the lower potion of the larynx	52
10215868792	trachea	the "windpipe"; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs	53
10215870810	lungs	the organs where exchange of the atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place	54
10215872590	bronchi	the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi. (sin. bronchus)	55
10215875989	alveoli	the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place	56
10215877869	diaphragm	the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. a major muscle of respiration	57
10215881173	inhalation	an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs.	58
10215887006	exhalation	a passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs.	59
10215893904	ventilation	the movement of air in and out of the lungs	60
10215897475	respiration (cellular)	the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells	61
10215899497	cardiovascular system	the system made up of the heart and blood vessels; the circulatory system	62
10215902183	atria	the two upper chambers of the heart. There is a right atrium (to receive unoxygenated blood from the body) and a left atrium (to receive oxygenated blood from the lungs)	63
10215907655	ventricles	the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle (to send unoxygenated blood to the lungs) and a left ventricle (which sends oxygenated blood to the body).	64
10215912537	venae cavae	the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava a major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium. AKA the right atrium	65
10215917388	Right ventricle	pumps blood the the upper chamber the right atrium.	66
10215923341	Left atrium	receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle	67
10215925235	left ventricle	receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the body. It is the most muscular and strongest part of the heart.	68
10215929215	cardiac conduction system	a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.	69
10215937178	valve	a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction	70
10215938946	artery	any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart	71
10215939881	coronary arteries	blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)	72
10215943290	aorta	the largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systematic circulation	73
10215945718	pulmonary arterires	the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs	74
10215949213	carotid arteries	the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head.	75
10215956821	femoral artery	the major artery supplying the leg	76
10215957812	brachial artery	artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR	77
10215959900	radial artery	artery of the lower arm; the artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist	78
10215962852	posterior tibial artery	artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle	79
10215969584	dorsalis pedis artery	artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe (!)	80
10215977930	arteriole	the smallest kind of artery (what arteries branch into)	81
10215979842	capillary	a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells take place	82
10215983963	venule	the smallest kind of vein	83
10215985250	vein	any blood vessel returning blood to the heart	84
10215988437	pulmonary veins	the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart	85
10215989903	plamsa	the fluid portion of the blood (more than half of blood is this)	86
10215991732	red blood cells	components of blood that carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells	87
10215995719	white blood cells	components of blood that produce substances that help fight infections	88
10215998811	platelets	components of blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells	89
10216000987	pulse	the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries	90
10216003156	peripheral pulses	the radial, brachial, posterios tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses which can be felt at peripheral points of the body.	91
10216005984	central pulses	the carotid and femoral pulses; felt at the central part of the body	92
10216008370	blood pressure	pressure caused by blood moving through the blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure is measured. There are two parts; systolic and diastolic pressure.	93
10216013254	systolic pressure	the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation	94
10216017250	diastolic pressure	pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling	95
10216032803	perfusion	the supply of oxygen and nutrients to cells as well as the removal of waste from cells. This is a result of capillaries refilling with blood.	96
10216038150	hypoperfusion	below normal perfusion, AKA shock.	97
10216043393	lymphatic system	the system that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and immune system	98
10216046911	nervous system	the system of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought	99
10216049052	peripheral nervous system	the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs w/o passing through the spinal cord (ie sensory and motor).	100
10216062067	automatic nervous system	the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions	101
10216064950	digestive system	system where food is broken down and digested	102
10216067110	stomach	muscular sac where digestion of the food begins	103
10216068720	small intestine	the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. This organ receives food and continues to break it down.	104
10216075445	large intestine	AKA the colon. removes water from the waste products.	105
10216078672	liver	assists in the breakdown of fats; detoxifying harmful substances; storing sugar; and assisting the production of blood products.	106
10216083075	esophagus	allows food to move from the mouth to the stomach	107
10216085307	gallbladder	storage system for bile	108
10216090658	pancreas	better known for production of insulin; assists in digestion of food	109
10216093554	spleen	acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for blood	110
10216095387	appendix	function not well understood; its inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain	111
10216120531	skin	the layer of tissue b/w the body and external environment	112
10216122230	epidermis	outer layer of skin	113
10216122231	dermis	the inner layer of skin (beneath the epidermis)	114
10216124254	subcutaneous	the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis	115
10216125518	endocrine system	system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions	116
10216127050	insulin	a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetic	117
10216129007	epinepherine	a hormone produced by the body. as a medication, it dilates the respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions	118
10216133905	renal system	the body system that regulates fluid balance and filtration of blood	119
10216135627	kidneys	organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels	120