Unit XI (AP Psychology) Flashcards

9157646145	Intelligence	The mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, problem solve, and use prior knowledge to adapt to new problems	0
9157660839	Intelligence test	A method for assessing an individual's mental abilities and comparing them to others, typically using numerical scores	1
9157665388	General intelligence (g)	Spearman's concept of a general intelligence factor (the g factor) that underlies all more specific mental abilities; it is therefore measured by every section of an intelligence test	2
9162310719	Factor analysis	A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (known as factors) in a test to identify different dimensions of performance beneath a person's total score; used to prove existence of a g factor	3
9162342738	Thurstone	Opponent of Spearman's theories; conducted tests and measured seven clusters of primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory)	4
9164333257	Savant syndrome	A condition where a person with otherwise limited mental ability has an exceptional specific skill	5
9164441384	Gardner	Argued for the existence of multiple intelligences including bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist, linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, and spatial	6
9164619674	Grit	An important factor in success, the passion and perseverance seen in the pursuit of long-term goals	7
9164640144	Sternberg	Developed the triarchic theory of three intelligences (analytical/problem-solving, creative, practical), argues that multiple abilities can lead to life success	8
9164679801	Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence	One of Sternberg's three intelligences, assessed through traditional intelligence tests, in which well-defined problems will have a single correct answer	9
9164705636	Creative intelligence	One of Sternberg's three intelligences, demonstrated through reacting adaptively to novel situations and creating novel ideas	10
9164726066	Practical intelligence	One of Sternberg's three intelligences, demonstrated through creating multiple solutions to everyday tasks	11
9164810705	Social intelligence	First proposed by Thorndike, the ability to successfully comprehend social situations	12
9164823552	Emotional intelligence	Salovey's aspect of social intelligence, the unconscious ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use (PUMU) emotions; criticized by Gardner and others as "stretching" the concept of intelligence too far	13
9164992290	Yes, modern studies have found that there is a +.33 correlation between brain size (adjusted for body size) and intelligence score; bigger is better.	Is there a correlation between brain size and intelligence score?	14
9165038974	Frontal & parietal lobes, with ample gray matter (neural cell bodies) and white matter (axons)	What brain areas are focused on for measuring intelligence?	15
9165100004	There is a positive correlation between intelligence score and the speed of taking in perceptual information.	Intelligence seems to be matched with what measurement?	16
9166018375	Binet	A vanguard of the modern intelligence-testing movement, developed his methods inferring that children followed the same course of intellectual development, but at different paces	17
9166028397	Mental age	Devised by Binet, the chronological age that most corresponds to a given level of intelligence test performance	18
9166132827	Terman	Adapted, modified, and added to Binet's original intelligence test; believed that his new test revealed the intelligence with which a person was born (inherited intelligence); used philosophy of eugenics	19
9166160488	Stanford-Binet test	Terman's widely used revision of Binet's original intelligence test	20
9167339721	Intelligence quotient (IQ)	Developed by William Stern, it is the ratio of your mental age divided by your chronological age, all multiplied by 100 (in today's tests, it is a relative score under or above 100); was criticized for its ineffectiveness with adults	21
9167441624	Achievement test	A test designed to measure or assess what a person has learned	22
9167467645	Aptitude test	A test designed to predict a person's future performance or a future ability to learn a new skill	23
9167502809	Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)	The most widely used intelligence test nowadays, consists of verbal and nonverbal (performance) subtests	24
9167587963	Standardization	Outlining defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparing with the relative performance of a pretested representative group	25
9167651207	Normal curve	The symmetrical, bell-shaped pattern that visualizes the distribution of many physical/psychological attributes, with most scores falling near the midpoint or average	26
9167686515	Flynn effect	The substantial and long-sustained increased in intelligence test scores measured from 1930 to the present day	27
9167713565	Reliability	The extent to which a test yields dependably consistent results	28
9167748023	Test-retest reliability	Using the same test on two separate occasions to determine the consistency of a test's results	29
9167751511	Split-half reliability	Dividing the test in half and assessing how consistent the results from each half are	30
9167773975	Validity	The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to	31
9167777763	Content validity	The extent to which a test measures a particular behavior or trait, a criterion, or samples the behavior that is of interest	32
9167806908	Predictive validity	The success with which a test predicts the future performance of behavior it is designed to predict	33
9167907345	Cross-sectional study	A study where researchers test and compare people of various ages at a specific point in time	34
9167918251	Longitudinal study	A study where researchers test and retest the same cohort, or group of people, over a period of years	35
9168107315	Crystallized intelligence	The summation of our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; increases with old age	36
9168110273	Fluid intelligence	Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, such as when we solve novel logic problems; decreases with progression into late adulthood	37
9168175262	Intellectual disability	Defined as a developmental condition of limited mental ability; indicated by an IQ of 70 or below and difficulty in conceptual, social, and practical skills, may be caused by a known physical condition	38
9168259408	Down syndrome	A condition that causes mild to severe intellectual disability, along with associated physical disorders, caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21	39
9168521670	Heritability	The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes	40
9168740322	Stereotype threat	A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype	41