AP Language Fundamental Terms Flashcards

13655315789	Ad Hominem	a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute	0
13655315790	Anadiplosis	repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause	1
13655315791	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	2
13655315792	Antithesis	an observation or claim that is in opposition to your claim or an author's claim	3
13655315793	Aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.	4
13655315794	Bandwagon	A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.	5
13655315795	cause and effect	noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others.	6
13655315796	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement or declaration	7
13655315797	deductive reasoning	reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)	8
13655315798	Epistrophe	the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences	9
13655315799	Ethos	credibility	10
13655315800	Fallacy	a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument	11
13655315801	False Analogy	an argument using an inappropriate metaphor	12
13655315802	inductive reasoning	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.	13
13655315803	Irony	the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning	14
13655315804	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	15
13655315805	Logos	an appeal based on logic or reason	16
13655315806	Paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	17
13655315807	Parallel Syntax (Parallelism)	a pattern of language that creates a rhythm of repetition often combined with some other language of repetition	18
13655315808	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	19
13655315809	point of view	the perspective from which a story is told	20
13655315810	Polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural: "He was overwhelmed , as if by a tsunami, and by the fishes, and by the seaweed, and by the salt spray from the heavens."	21
13655315811	premise	another word for a claim; a statement of truth, at least to the person making the argument	22
13655315812	red herring fallacy	the use of irrelevant material to divert attention	23
13655315813	Repetition	Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis	24
13655315814	rhetorical question	A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	25
13655315815	rhetorical shift	this occurs when the author of an essay significantly alters his or her diction, syntax, or both	26
13655315816	slippery slope fallacy (also called Domino theory)	This fallacy of argumentation argues that one thing inevitably leads to another. Politicians love to use it as a form of exaggeration.	27
13655315817	straw man fallacy	when a speaker ignores the actual position of an opponent and substitutes it with a distorted and exaggerated position	28
13655315818	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	29
13655315819	Synthesis	Two or more elements or compounds combine to make a more complex substance	30
13655315820	Understatement	the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	31