AP EXAM Flashcards

12172781770	who influenced the PSYCHODYNAMIC approach	Sigmund Freud	0
12172794842	What women helped to reform treatment of people with disorders in America	Dorthia Dix	1
12172798525	Evolutionary Perspective	change in psychology over time	2
12172863439	why do we use an experiment instead of other methods	because an experiment is the only way to show cause and effect	3
12172876682	how do you know when a research study is using the experimental method	has potential sampling bias, ALWAYS has independent and dependent variable, can random assignment	4
12172971767	what type of analysis can be done without basically any type of calculations	mode	5
12172983195	why do we want to use exact operational definitions	people can replicate and it gives the EXACT procedures looking for	6
12173004303	what is iv/dv	IV= What we're testing, IF ,DV= What changes, THEN	7
12173085145	Understand the basics of the bell curve	2%, 14%, 34%, 34%, 14%, 2%	8
12173125036	What do we use to predict correlation	a linear relationship between two variables	9
12173148070	Correlations	positive/ negative\ no correlation (bunch of dots)	10
12173172054	what helps to limit confounding variables	RANDOM ASSIGNMENT randomization, restriction and matching	11
12173178542	what is plasticity	the ability for our brain to take of for lost functions	12
12173191601	Wernicke's area	comprehension area in left temporal lobe	13
12173206118	THE FACE HAS THE LARGEST AREA OF THE SENSORY CORTEX	THE FACE HAS THE LARGEST AREA OF THE SENSORY CORTEX	14
12173233701	what neurotransmitter is related to schizophrenia	dopamine	15
12173238823	why is the brain system involved in emotion	the limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus)	16
12173276512	the hypothalamus controls eating, drinking, body temp and sex BUT it also has something to do with the endocrine system... what is it	controls the pituitary gland	17
12173308711	what is the disease that eats away at the myelin of a neuron	MS (multiple sclerosis)	18
12173332761	Motor and Sensory areas on a brain	motor= frontal lobe sensory= parietal	19
12173355355	cerebellum	balance and coordination... senses body position	20
12173364443	body actions of sympathetic system	eyes dilate, hear rate increases, stomach stops digestion, liver stimulates glucose, release of adrenaline from adrenal gland, bladder release	21
12173429399	occipital lobe	back of head, eyes and vision	22
12173465707	on the back of the eye (retina) are bipolar cells, rods and cones, ganglion cells and the optic nerve, put these in order that they would happen	rods and cones; bipolar cells; ganglion cells; optic nerve	23
12173507570	Transdution	when our brains sends signals and converge energy to how we can interpret it... through skin, retina, hair cells, taste buds; olfactory	24
12173539787	what part of the ear is responsible for the vestibular system	INNER EAR (Cochlea and semicircular canals)	25
12173560852	BE ABLE TO LOCATE THE ear drum; ossicles; cochlea; auditory nerve and semicircular canals	in order outside to in: ear drum; ossicles; cochlea; semicircular canals; auditory nerve	26
12173606199	what is the fovea made of	cones	27
12173606200	opponent process theory	cones are in opposite pairs (red-green)(blue-yellow)(white-black)	28
12173616064	after image effect	proof of opponent process theory (ex: American flag)	29
12173640320	Figure-ground	to perceive things as items and background (ex island and ocean)	30
12173656012	What brain part monitors our sleeping and circadian rhythms	hypothalamus and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)	31
12173683312	psychological effects of alcohol are	reduced inhibition; disrupts memory... reduces self awareness and is part of parasympathetic system	32
12173695659	discrimination	treating two similar things DIFFERENT	33
12173703005	Unconditional Stimulus	unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response	34
12173706713	unconditional response	a response that does not have to be learned, such as a reflex	35
12173709701	conditioned stimulus	a stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken place	36
12173713526	conditioned response	a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus	37
12173723090	what behaviors are not learned	Unconditional stimulus and response (breathing; sweating)	38
12173731265	habituation	when you have repeated situations cause decreased responses	39
12173751278	Fixed interval	know 100% and have to wait	40
12173763468	fixed ratio	reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses, have to do something	41
12173779214	variable ratio	unpredictable number of responses; gamblers	42
12173805756	variable interval	unknown and have to wait	43
12173817112	state dependent memory (mood congruent)	the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood	44
12173820707	hindsight bias	wen someone predicts something AFTER it happened (i.e. people saying they knew 9/11 would happen)	45
12173832357	syntax	Sentence structure	46
12173840374	Algorithm	a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem	47
12173843666	heuristic	A shortcut to problem solving; also known as a rule of thumb.	48
12173854456	Functional fixedness	the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving	49
12173863706	why do we have trouble recalling common objects we see everyday	encoding failure; had no meaning to begin with	50
12173867213	Elizabeth Loftus	eyewitness testimony, misinformation effect; NOT RELIABLE	51
12173879899	implicit memory	Memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously; skills like walking	52
12173894554	over justification	should NEVER be rewarded for something you enjoy doing; it cheapens it	53
12173902038	facial feedback	facial expressions are universal and tell the mood one is in so the person talking to them can react differently	54
12173918392	what is difference between instinct, intrinsic, and incentive?	instinct; natural response. intrinsic; internal feelings. incentive; why you do what you do	55
12173948431	drive reduction	when the need is satisfied the drive is reduced (food->hunger->eat)	56
12173970289	cannon bard	stimulus > body & emotion simultaneously	57
12173977533	James lange	stimulus --> body --> emotion	58
12173991029	Schacter's Two-Factor Theory	stimulus-> body and brain -> emotion	59
12174010790	what type of children will authoritative parents produce	Independent high self esteem children	60
12174014604	industry(competence) vs. inferiority	children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior	61
12174025712	identity vs. role confusion	Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves	62
12174043283	what did Harry Harlows experiments the importance of	body contact and attachment	63
12174047111	Generalization in Development	generalization; opposite of discrimination	64
12174090412	object permanence	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived	65
12174094905	What do newborns prefer to look at?	faces and black/white	66
12174099250	Accommodation vs. Assimilation	using one's existing schema to interpret info vs. adapting one completely changing their schema to incorporate new info.	67
12174115726	what can also be called heredity vs. environment	nature vs nurture	68
12174121091	Defense Mechanism: Projection	disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others; project how you feel onto other people	69
12174135611	self-efficacy	An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.	70
12174142281	reciprocal determinism	when a person's behaviors both influences and is influenced by personal factors and social environment (triangle)	71
12174170781	Barnum effect	People have the tendency to see themselves in vague, stock descriptions of personality (horoscopes)	72
12174176749	TAT	a projective test in which subjects look at and tell a story about ambiguous pictures	73
12174181611	Savant syndrome	when a mentally challenged person has an extraordinary skill	74
12174190223	g	general intelligence; precursor to IQ	75
12174196466	Gardner's Multiple Intelligences	linguistic, logico-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal; existential	76
12174226388	IQ= ma/ca x 100	..., Mental age/ chronical age x 100 IQ is a version of percentile rank: STERN	77
12174230950	reliable vs validity	reliability: constant good test validity: how accurate the test is	78
12174238432	stern bergs intelligence	analytical, creating intelligence, practical intelligence (hands on)	79
12174252805	compulsion	repetitive actions that are unwanted	80
12174261984	Schizophrenia causes	genetic; smaller thalamus, dopamine sites, 70% chance if mom gets flu while pregnant	81
12174279871	dissociative amnesia	opposite of PTSD; repress bad memories	82
12174292068	phobia/specific phobia	social or agoraphobia, irrational fear to something specific	83
12174326468	bipolar disorder	mood disorder in one experiences both manic and depressed episodes	84
12174335477	Psychoanalysis	Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions	85
12174347185	major depressive disorder	two weeks of depression state in which person is fatigued, feels worthless, and no motivation	86
12174372151	anxiety	The condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen	87
12174380943	cognitive behavioral therapy	work on thinking and behavior... good for OCD and eating disorder patients	88
12174387625	averse conditioning	conditions them to hate something that's bad for them; like alcoholism	89
12174407749	exposure therapy	being exposed to your fear (kid in thunder room)	90
12174418053	Carl Rodgers therapy	client centered therapy, "ah-hah" therapy, therapist gives genuineness, acceptance, empathy and active listening for patient to discover their own conclusion (Tia)	91
12174435086	systematic desensitization	clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner	92
12174447028	what makes people develop a lasting romantic relationship	having similarities in attitude and morals, opposites get divorced	93
12174454320	self-serving bias	the tendency to perceive oneself favorably, can or cannot do something	94
12174470266	normal social influence	behavior that is motivated by the desire to gain social acceptance and approval	95
12174478381	mere expose effect	repeated exposure, increses the liking	96
12174481550	bystander effect	when you're more likely to bystander then help because you're too in shock (smaller situations get more help)	97
12174505925	group behavior	norms, roles, team building, leadership, and conflict	98
12174513943	stereotypical threat	a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype	99
12174516987	fundamental attribution error	when you judge someone on their situation and you're wrong (fake homeless people)	100
12174524579	central route vs peripheral route to persuasion	commercials; central is straight with facts and peripheral goes around subject	101