Ap Huge Unit 2 Flashcards
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| 7533617588 | you measure population change through | Crude Birth Rate, the Crude Death Rate, and the Natural Increase Rate | 0 | |
| 7533649280 | Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | total number of live births a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. | 1 | |
| 7533654667 | Crude Death Rate (CDR) | total number of deaths a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. | 2 | |
| 7533664064 | Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | the percentage by which a population grows in a year. NIR = (Crude birth rate − Crude death rate) / 10 | 3 | |
| 7533674708 | Total Fertility Rate(TFR) | the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years. | 4 | |
| 7533682406 | Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) | the annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year compared with total live births. | 5 | |
| 7533689429 | Life Expectancy | average number of years a newborn can expect to live at current morbidity levels. | 6 | |
| 7533697541 | doubling rate (time) | the amount of time it takes to double a population | 7 | |
| 7533705502 | population pyramid | graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups as well as the sex ratio, the number of males per hundred females. | 8 | |
| 7533728016 | age-sex composition graph aka Pop Pyr | Based solely on age and sex data Provides information on birth rates, death rates, average life span, and economic development Reflects natural disasters, wars, political changes, and epidemics | 9 | |
| 7533735766 | cohorts | vertical axis that shows age groups, usually in the middle | 10 | |
| 7533748697 | horizontal axis | percentages or absolute numbers | 11 | |
| 7533764513 | population pyramid set up | males on the left, females on the right | 12 | |
| 7533774422 | Dependency Ratio | uses population pyramid, a value comparing the working to the nonworking parts of a population. | 13 | |
| 7533790241 | dependent population | 15-64 is workforce. potential workforce by dependent population results in the dependency ratio | 14 | |
| 7533808172 | Dependency ratios of regions | US, Europe,Japan, Australia support themselves and .52 people. Nigeria, South America, Asia support themselves and 1.08 people | 15 | |
| 7533824489 | impact of war | death (civilians) affect people of all ages. lose fighting age men 18-40. Birth deficit slowdown of births. | 16 | |
| 7533853152 | baby boom | Once hostilities end and peace continues, the birth rate often spikes. WW2 1946-1965 | 17 | |
| 7533862623 | baby bust | follow baby booms, continues until the boomers reach child-bearing age | 18 | |
| 7533874343 | echo | a bulge in the pyramid | 19 | |
| 7596263751 | demographic balancing equation | natural increase, but migration plays a big part in it. Total Population Change = Births - Deaths + Immigrants - Emigrants | 20 | |
| 7596276997 | Thomas Malthus | political economy and demography. says population (exponent) will eventually outpace food production (arithemic/linear) | 21 | |
| 7596288599 | population doubling time | since early 1800's population has grown exponentially. Use rule of 70- with steady population the approximate doubling time in years will be 70 divided by the growth rate per year | 22 | |
| 7596310573 | arithmetic growth | constant increasing number per year/linear. (food) | 23 | |
| 7596322134 | exponential growth | constant doubling (population) | 24 | |
| 7596335562 | Neo Malthusians | food production increased more quickly than he predicted. people who have adopted his ideas and argue that population is a serious issue lead to depletion of resources | 25 | |
| 7596365973 | Ester Boserup | opposite of Malthus. Said he did not take technology into account. Model of agricultural development and says famine has not happened | 26 | |
| 7596384335 | Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM) | correspond with the DTM. Abdel Omran identified predictable stages in disease and life expectancy that countries experience as they develop | 27 | |
| 7596395209 | ETM Stage 1 | stage of pestilence and famine. ex black death | 28 | |
| 7596395210 | ETM Stage 2 | stage of receding pandemics ex cholera | 29 | |
| 7596397481 | ETM Stage 3 | The stage of degenerative and human-created diseases ex cancer | 30 | |
| 7596397482 | ETM Stage 4 | stage of delayed degenerative diseases. ex cancer and disease is slowed down with medicine. longer life expectancies | 31 | |
| 7596397483 | ETM Stage 5 | Reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases. ex evolution poverty globalization | 32 | |
| 7596431012 | anti-natalist policies | government programs to decrease the number of births so overpopulation does not happen. ex China 1970s later longer fewer then one child policy | 33 | |
| 7596458870 | pro-natalist policies | government programs to encourage births for economy and military. ex France Sweden and Japan free child care, abortion restrictions | 34 | |
| 7596486579 | Why are birth rates decreasing? | education, government policy, women's rights, contraceptive uses | 35 | |
| 7623083239 | ecumene | portion of earth with permanent human settlement (most of area) | 36 | |
| 7623116188 | Arithmetic Density | Total number of people divided by total land. Enables comparisons of the # of people trying to live on a given piece of land in different regions of the world. | 37 | |
| 7623118130 | Physiological Density | Number of people supported by a unit area of arable land | 38 | |
| 7623123405 | Agricultural Density | Ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land. Helps to account for economic differences | 39 | |
| 7623132424 | J Curve | Population projection show exponential growth. If the population grows exponential our resource use will go up exponential and so will our use as well as a greater demand for food and more. | 40 | |
| 7623136471 | S Curve | Traces the cyclical movement updates and downwards in a graph. | 41 | |
| 7623153405 | Stage 1 | high birth and high death rates. no long term natural increase |  | 42 |
| 7623158407 | stage 2 | high birth rates, rapid decline in death rates. high natural increase | 43 | |
| 7623160485 | stage 3 | rapid decline in birth rates, decline in death rates, natural increase begins to moderate | 44 | |
| 7623160486 | stage 4 | very low birth and death rate no long term natural increase/ possible decrease | 45 | |
| 7623228170 | population pattern | Areas of high and low population density are unevenly spread across the world. The majority of places with high population density are found in the northern hemisphere. | 46 | |
| 7623258951 | developing population pyramid | triangular shape. low life expectancy. steady % of each group dying. High birth rates | 47 | |
| 7623274305 | developed population pyramid | more of a block base and no decrease in age groups till 60's. better medical care | 48 | |
| 7623272139 | middle income population pyramid | takes part in both of these. block through 30-35. steady decrease with every group after | 49 | |
| 7623319015 | other Malthus critics | too pessimistic Theory was based on idea that world's supply of resources is fixed rather than expanding. Disagree that population increase is not a problem Larger populations could stimulate economic growth, and therefore, production of more food. | 50 | |
| 7623332901 | Expansive population policies. Europe | Encourages population growth. Sweden and Norway have many policies. Poland pays women for each new child they have | 51 | |
| 7623335723 | Eugenics population policies | Favors one racial or cultural sector over others. Nazi Europe WW2 | 52 | |
| 7623337656 | Restrictive population policies | Range from toleration of unapproved birth control to outright prohibition of large families. China one child policy urban couples. India population and family planning sterilization | 53 | |
| 7623383175 | Infectious diseases | invasion of parasites and their multiplication in the body. Malaria (vectored) - transmitted by an intermediary vector (mosquito) AIDS (nonvectored) - direct contact between host & victim | 54 | |
| 7623390246 | Chronic/Degenerative Diseases | Afflictions of middle and old age - heart disease, cancer, stroke, pneumonia, diabetes, etc. | 55 | |
| 7623393532 | Genetic/Inherited Diseases | Disorders that are transferred from one generation to the next. Metabolic diseases - Lactose intolerance, PKU (Phenylketonuria) | 56 | |
| 7657011099 | cyclic | type of movement starts and ends at home. Create activity spaces (spaces of daily routines) | 57 | |
| 7657025844 | periodic | type of movement involving longer time away. transhumance is moving based on season | 58 | |
| 7657057566 | migration | permanent relocation. international, internal,interregional,intraregional. agriculture allowed people to settle | 59 | |
| 7657097831 | immigration | migration to a location | 60 | |
| 7657097832 | emigration | migration from a location | 61 | |
| 7657108457 | net in-migration | immigrants > emigrants, then the net migration is positive | 62 | |
| 7657113270 | net out-migration | immigrants < emigrants, then the net migration is negative | 63 | |
| 7657128185 | voluntary migration | moving in search for a better life | 64 | |
| 7657128188 | push factors | pushing you away from somewhere. Negative | 65 | |
| 7657137246 | pull factors | pulling you to somewhere. Positive | 66 | |
| 7657166514 | refugee | a person leaves their home because they are forced out but not because they are officially relocated or enslaved | 67 | |
| 7748449044 | international migration | A permanent move from one country to another | 68 | |
| 7748449045 | interregional migration | moving from one region to another. rural to urban | 69 | |
| 7748462937 | intraregional migration | moving within a region, older cities to newer suburbs | 70 | |
| 7748485948 | internally displaced person (IDP) | forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border | 71 | |
| 7748496308 | asylum seeker | migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee | 72 | |
| 7748517695 | colonization | taking over and spreading your culture. Europeans but asia and africa kept their culture | 73 | |
| 7748526791 | reverse migration | 20th century people have been migrating to europe looking for jobs or safety | 74 | |
| 7748535457 | ethnic enclaves | neighborhoods filled with people of the same ethnicity. creates chains of family moving because of relatives | 75 |