Ap Physics 2 review Flashcards
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| 12281215465 | alpha decay | A nuclear reaction in which an atom emits an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This increases the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4. |  | 0 |
| 12281222445 | beta decay | radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus that is accompanied by the emission of a beta particle |  | 1 |
| 12281283404 | electron capture | the process in which an inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus of the atom that contains the electron |  | 2 |
| 12281286861 | positron emmission | Radioactive decay in which a proton becomes a neutron and emits a positron (anti-electron) |  | 3 |
| 12286431674 | excited state | A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state |  | 4 |
| 12286437849 | ground state | The lowest energy state of an atom | 5 | |
| 12286444274 | What state is away from the nucleus? | The excited state | 6 | |
| 12286446655 | What happens to an atom after the energy is released from the excited state. | the electron can relax by moving to a new energy level. | 7 | |
| 12286458400 | If an electron is EXCITED, that means.... | energy is Absorbed, therefor a Photon can be absorbed. | 8 | |
| 12286465434 | If an electron is DE-EXCITED, that means.... | energy is RELEASED and therefore a photon is released. | 9 | |
| 12286476108 | What is the top number of an element?? | The mass number = number of protons + neutrons. |  | 10 |
| 12286483859 | What is the bottom number of an element?? | The atomic number = number of protons in the nucleus | 11 | |
| 12286492667 | Energy-mass equivalence | the idea proposed in Albert Einstein's theory of relativity that states that mass is actually concentrated energy, as expressed by the equation E=mc2. |  | 12 |
| 12286494923 | binding energy | The energy needed to break up a nucleus into its constituent nucleons. | 13 | |
| 12286499556 | mass defect | the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons | 14 | |
| 12286510598 | Alpha | Ejected Helium | | 15 |
| 12286511525 | Beta | Ejected Electron |  | 16 |
| 12286514539 | Positron | Ejected Anti-Beta particle |  | 17 |
| 12286519798 | Gamma | Ejected Energy |  | 18 |
| 12286531271 | Fusion | Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium. |  | 19 |
| 12286532846 | Fission | A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy |  | 20 |
| 12286567138 | total energy | All energy, potential and kinetic, within a specific system. | 21 | |
| 12286571735 | Temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. (like how fast the molecules are moving) | 22 | |
| 12286572982 | Heat | the internal energy that is transferred between bodies in contact. | 23 | |
| 12286576367 | Ideal Gas Law | the relationship PV=nRT, which describes the behavior of an ideal gas |  | 24 |
| 12286594021 | The system boundary | controls how the environment affects the system | 25 | |
| 12286596224 | Closed to mass | mass can't get in or out | 26 | |
| 12286597246 | closed to energy | energy can't get in or out | 27 | |
| 12286598700 | First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. most commonly known as The Law of Conservation of Energy which really means that the total Energy, U of the universe remains constant! |  | 28 |
| 12286605094 | Isothermal Process | constant temperature |  | 29 |
| 12286606888 | Isobaric Process | constant pressure | | 30 |
| 12286608524 | Isometric Process | constant volume | 31 | |
| 12286610402 | Adiabatic Process | A process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system by its surroundings. | 32 | |
| 12286612061 | Done BY a gas |  | 33 | |
| 12286612799 | Done ON a gas |  | 34 | |
| 12286627450 | Second Law of Thermodynamics | Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. | 35 | |
| 12289074642 | thermal contact | refers to energy transferred to a body by a means other than work. |  | 36 |
| 12289081372 | thermal equilibrium | when two objects are at the same temperature and no heat flows |  | 37 |
| 12289088627 | Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics | A law that if two systems are separately found to be in thermal equilibrium with a third system, the first two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other; that is, all three systems are at the same temperature. Also known as thermodynamic equilibrium. | 38 | |
| 12289120835 | • Third Law of Thermodynamics- | No system can reach absolute zero | 39 | |
| 12289151065 | Avogadro's Principle | Equal volumes of gas at the same temperature & pressure contain the same number of molecules |  | 40 |
| 12289176701 | Boyle's Law | A principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature |  | 41 |
| 12289181164 | Charles' Law | the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases |  | 42 |
| 12289183249 | Gay-Lussac's Law | the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume is constant |  | 43 |
| 12289188862 | Combined Law | Combining all the laws of a gas |  | 44 |
| 12289204461 | Conduction | The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching. | 45 | |
| 12289207579 | convection | The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid | 46 | |
| 12289210315 | Radiation | Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles. | 47 | |
| 12289573863 | heat engine | a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy |  | 48 |
| 12289581988 | thermal efficiency | the efficiency of a heat engine measured by the ratio of the work done by it to the heat supplied to it. | 49 | |
| 12289589346 | Entropy | A measure of disorder or randomness. |  | 50 |
| 12289658213 | Density | the degree of compactness of a substance. |  | 51 |
| 12289666561 | pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface |  | 52 |
| 12289705665 | Atmospheric pressure | the pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere. 16 pounds per square inch |  | 53 |
| 12290983816 | Pascal's principle | The force exerted by a fluid on the walls of its container always acts perpendicular to the walls. |  | 54 |
| 12291093954 | What is the force acting on you under water?? | The force acting on you is the weight of the water above you | 55 | |
| 12291111784 | Pressure with depth | increases |  | 56 |
| 12291131732 | Archimedes' Principle | An object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. |  | 57 |
| 12291147502 | Buoyancy in air | An object surrounded by air is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the air displaced. | 58 | |
| 12291172378 | Laminar flow (AKA streamline flow) | flow that is regular, smooth and predictable. |  | 59 |
| 12291184069 | turbulent flow | Irregular flow with random variations in pressure. |  | 60 |
| 12291191620 | flow rate | The volume of fluid that moves through a system in a given period of time. |  | 61 |
| 12291218283 | Bernoulli's principal |  | 62 | |
| 12291229643 | When the speed of a liquid increases | its internal pressure decreases. | 63 | |
| 12291235726 | When the speed of a liquid decreases | Its internal pressure decreases | 64 | |
| 12291254352 | Small tube of flowing water | low pressure and high velocity | 65 | |
| 12291258137 | Large tube of flowing water | High pressure and low velocity | 66 | |
| 12291276374 | Curveballs | The turning ball drags some of the air with it, speeding it up. The faster-flowing air is at a lower pressure, so the ball moves that way. The rotation also directs the air in the opposite direction from the force — action and reaction. | 67 | |
| 12291318792 | Moving air across the top of a hole, like a chimney, creates... | A pressure difference, the wind on top is lower then the air in the chimney, causing the smoke to pump out of it. | 68 | |
| 12291355906 | A low pressure moving fluid will... | draw in particles of another fluid | 69 | |
| 12293614267 | The carrier of electric charge is | an electron |  | 70 |
| 12293623048 | An electron has what kind of charge? | negative | 71 | |
| 12293632041 | Charge is | Conserved. It isn't created or destroyed. |  | 72 |
| 12293652974 | Atoms are normally neutral because | they have an equal number of negatively charge electrons and positively charged protons. |  | 73 |
| 12293669262 | Something with a negative charge has | too many electrons | 74 | |
| 12293682156 | Something with a positive charge has | too few electrons | 75 | |
| 12293717111 | Coulomb's Law |  | 76 | |
| 12294069620 | If a pipe narrows, then speed of the liquide must | increase | 77 | |
| 12294078843 | If a pip widdens, then the speed of the liquid must | decrease | 78 | |
| 12294228820 | Fundamental law of static electricity | Like charges repel and opposite charges attract | 79 | |
| 12294238997 | Law of conservation of charge | Charge is not created or destroyed, merely transferred from one system to another. | 80 | |
| 12294259171 | If you touch a charged object to an object with no charge, | if the object is a conductor charge can flow onto it | 81 | |
| 12294272670 | charge on a conductor will all be on | The outside | 82 | |
| 13196197348 | How does a magnetic field flow on a magnet? | Out of north and into south |  | 83 |
| 13196207042 | A current flowing through a wire creates what? | A magnetic field |  | 84 |
| 13196218778 | A current flowing into the paper has a magnetic field flowing what way? | Clockwise | 85 | |
| 13196224089 | A current flowing OUT of the paper has a magnetic field flowing what way? | counter clockwise | 86 |