Ap Psych Flashcards
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| 13495249681 | cognitive psychology | the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 0 | |
| 13495257004 | community psychology | a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups | 1 | |
| 13778589913 | Behavioral Focuses on effects of learning on our personality development | 2 | ||
| 13778589914 | Biological Scientific study of links between biological and psychological processes | 3 | ||
| 13778589915 | Cognitive study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communciating | 4 | ||
| 13778589916 | Evolutionary study of evolution of behavior and mind | 5 | ||
| 13778589917 | Humanistic emphasized growth potential of healthy people | 6 | ||
| 13778589918 | Psychoanalytic Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. Techniques used to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. Freud's therapeutic technique-reveals repressed feelings | 7 | ||
| 13778589919 | Social Study of how we think about influence and relate to one another | 8 | ||
| 13778589920 | What researchers are associated with the different approaches? (such as Watson, Skinner, Freud, Jung, Maslow) | 9 | ||
| 13778589921 | Clinical | 10 | ||
| 13778589922 | Counseling, | 11 | ||
| 13778589923 | Educational | 12 | ||
| 13778589924 | I/O | 13 | ||
| 13778589925 | Positive | 14 | ||
| 13778589983 | Case study | descriptive technique in which individual or group is studied to reveal universal principles | 15 | |
| 13778589984 | Correlational study | measure of extent to which two variables affect each other | 16 | |
| 13778589985 | Experiment investiagator | manipulates one or more factors to observes effect on a behavior or mental process | 17 | |
| 13778589986 | Naturalistic observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change anything | 18 | |
| 13778589926 | Survey | 19 | ||
| 13778589927 | Self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a certain group | 20 | ||
| 13778589928 | Independent variable | 21 | ||
| 13778589929 | Dependent variable | 22 | ||
| 13778589930 | Control group group not being tested in an experiment | 23 | ||
| 13778589931 | Experimental group group being tested in an experiment | 24 | ||
| 13778589932 | Random assignment | 25 | ||
| 13778589933 | Assigning participants to groups by change minimizing bias | 26 | ||
| 13778589934 | Representative sample | 27 | ||
| 13778589935 | normal curve | 28 | ||
| 13778589936 | Correlation coefficients (positive and negative correlations) | 29 | ||
| 13778589937 | Mean average, add then divide by # of #'s | 30 | ||
| 13778589938 | Median middle of numbers | 31 | ||
| 13778589939 | Mode | 32 | ||
| 13778589940 | most frequent # | 33 | ||
| 13778589941 | Effects of split brain procedure | 34 | ||
| 13778589942 | Agonist Molecule that by binding to a receptor site stimulates a response | 35 | ||
| 13778589943 | Antagonists binds to receptor site and blocks a response | 36 | ||
| 13778589944 | Neurotransmitters | 37 | ||
| 13778589945 | Hormones | 38 | ||
| 13778589946 | Chemical messengers manufactured by endocrine glands travel through bloodstream and affect other tissues | 39 | ||
| 13778589947 | Divisions of the nervous system | 40 | ||
| 13778589948 | Amygdala two lima-bean neural clusters in limbic system linked to emotions | 41 | ||
| 13778589949 | Cerebellum "little brain", at rear of brainstem, process sensory input, coordinate movement output and balance and enable nonverbal learning and memory | 42 | ||
| 13778589950 | Corpus callosum large band of neural fibers connecting two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between | 43 | ||
| 13778589951 | Hypothalamus neural structure below thalamus, directs several maintenance activities and helps govern endocrine system via pituitary gland. | 44 | ||
| 13778589952 | Medulla base of brainstem, control heart-beat and breathing | 45 | ||
| 13778589953 | Reticular formation nerve network that travels through brainstem and thalamus and plays important role in controlling arousal | 46 | ||
| 13778589954 | Thalamus | 47 | ||
| 13778589955 | Brain's sensory control center, located on top of brainstem and directs messages to sensory receiving areas in cortex and transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla | 48 | ||
| 13778590089 | 49 | |||
| 13778589987 | • | Frontal part of cerebral cortex, lying just behind forehead. Involved in speaking and muscle movements and making plans and judgements | 50 | |
| 13778589988 | • | Occipital part of cerebral cortex at back of head including areas that receive info from visual fields | 51 | |
| 13778589989 | • | Parietal cerebral cortex lying at top of head toward rear, receives sensory input for touch and body position | 52 | |
| 13778589990 | • | Temporal | 53 | |
| 13778589956 | Cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears, includes auditory areas each receiving info from opposite ear | 54 | ||
| 13778589957 | Brain imaging techniques, such as: | 55 | ||
| 13778590090 | 56 | |||
| 13778589991 | • | CT scan series of x-ray photographs taken at differing angles combined by computer into a slice of brain structure | 57 | |
| 13778589992 | • | EEG recording of waves of electrical activity across brain's surface. Electrodes placed on scalp | 58 | |
| 13778589993 | • | fMRI technique for revealing bloodflow and brain activity. Show function and structure | 59 | |
| 13778589994 | • | MRI technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. Show brain anatomy | 60 | |
| 13778589995 | • | PET scan | 61 | |
| 13778589958 | Visual display of brain activity. Detects glucose when brain does task | 62 | ||
| 13778589959 | Unit 4 - Sensation and Perception (6-8%) | 63 | ||
| 13778589960 | Key terms, such as: | 64 | ||
| 13778590091 | 65 | |||
| 13778589996 | • | Absolute threshold minimum stimulation needed to detect stimulus 50% of time | 66 | |
| 13778589997 | • | Difference threshold minimum difference between 2 stimuli needed for detection 50% of the time (just noticeable difference) | 67 | |
| 13778589998 | • | Bottom-Up processing begins with sensory receptors and works up to brain's integration of sensory info | 68 | |
| 13778589999 | • | Top-Down processing information processing guided by higher level mental processes. Construct perceptions drawing on experience and expectations | 69 | |
| 13778590000 | • | Opponent process theory opposing retinal processes enable color vision. | 70 | |
| 13778590001 | • | Trichromatic theory retina contains 3 colored cones which can produce perception of any color (red, green, blue) | 71 | |
| 13778590002 | • | Sensory interaction principle that one sense may influence another. Ex: smell influencing taste | 72 | |
| 13778590003 | • | Gate control theory spinal cord contains neurological gate that blocks pain signals and allows them to pass onto the brain. Opened by pain signals traveling up nerve fibers. Closed by large fibers or information in brain. | 73 | |
| 13778590004 | • | Frequency theory rate of nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches frequency of a tone enabling us to sense pitch. | 74 | |
| 13778590005 | • | Place theory theory that links pitch we hear with place where cochlea's membrane is stimulated | 75 | |
| 13778590006 | • | Phi phenomenon illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession | 76 | |
| 13778590007 | • | Transduction conversion of one form of energy into another. | 77 | |
| 13778590008 | • | Selective attention | 78 | |
| 13778589961 | Focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus | 79 | ||
| 13778589962 | Structures of the eye, and pathway of vision, including structures such as: | 80 | ||
| 13778590092 | 81 | |||
| 13778590009 | • | Cones retinal receptor cells concentrated near center of retina and function in daylight or well lit conditions. | 82 | |
| 13778590010 | • | Fovea central focal point in retina around which eye cones cluster | 83 | |
| 13778590011 | • | Iris ring of muscle tissue that forms colored portion of eye around pupil and controls size of pupil | 84 | |
| 13778590012 | • | Lens transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape to focus images on retina | 85 | |
| 13778590013 | • | Optic nerve nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to the brain | 86 | |
| 13778590014 | • | Rods | 87 | |
| 13778589963 | Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight | 88 | ||
| 13778589964 | Structures of the ear and pathway of hearing, including structures such as: | 89 | ||
| 13778590093 | 90 | |||
| 13778590015 | • | Auditory canal | 91 | |
| 13778590016 | • | Cochlea coiled, bony fluid-filled tube in inner ear sound waves traveling through trigger nerve impulses | 92 | |
| 13778590017 | • | Eardrum | 93 | |
| 13778590018 | • | Middle ear | 94 | |
| 13778589965 | Chamber between eardrum and cochlea contraining three tiny bones that concentrate vibrations of eardrum on cochlea's oval window | 95 | ||
| 13778589966 | Unit 5 - States of Consciousness (2-4%) | 96 | ||
| 13778589967 | Key terms, such as: | 97 | ||
| 13778590094 | 98 | |||
| 13778590019 | • | Hypnosis social interaction in which one person responds to another person's suggestion that certain perceptions, feelings thoughts or behaviors will occur | 99 | |
| 13778590020 | • | Dream analysis | 100 | |
| 13778590021 | • | Activation synthesis | 101 | |
| 13778590022 | • | REM rebound tendency for REM sleep to increase with REM sleep deprivation | 102 | |
| 13778590023 | • | Free association | 103 | |
| 13778589968 | Method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind | 104 | ||
| 13778589969 | Characteristics of stages of sleep, such as: | 105 | ||
| 13778590095 | 106 | |||
| 13778590024 | • | NREM - 1, 2, and 3 non-rapid eye movement | 107 | |
| 13778590025 | • | REM sleep | 108 | |
| 13778589970 | Rapid eye movement, dreams occur | 109 | ||
| 13778589971 | Sleep disorders, such as: | 110 | ||
| 13778590096 | 111 | |||
| 13778590026 | • | Insomnia recurring problems falling asleep | 112 | |
| 13778590027 | • | Sleep apnea | 113 | |
| 13778590028 | • | Narcolepsy uncontrollable sleep attacks | 114 | |
| 13778590097 | 115 | |||
| 13778589972 | Effects of drugs, such as: | 116 | ||
| 13778590098 | 117 | |||
| 13778590029 | • | Depressants (alcohol, barbituates, opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions | 118 | |
| 13778590030 | • | Stimulants (caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions | 119 | |
| 13778590031 | • | Alcohol | 120 | |
| 13778590032 | • | Cocaine addictive stimulant, temporary increased alertness and eurphoria | 121 | |
| 13778590033 | • | Ecstasy synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy with short-term health risks and long-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition | 122 | |
| 13778590034 | • | Nicotine | 123 | |
| 13778590035 | • | THC | 124 | |
| 13778590099 | 125 | |||
| 13778589973 | Unit 6 - Learning (7-9%) | 126 | ||
| 13778589974 | Classical conditioning, including characteristics such as: | 127 | ||
| 13778590100 | 128 | |||
| 13778590036 | • | US, UR, CS, CR | 129 | |
| 13778590037 | • | Acquisition | 130 | |
| 13778590038 | • | Discrimination | 131 | |
| 13778590039 | • | Extinction | 132 | |
| 13778590040 | • | Spontaneous recovery | 133 | |
| 13778590101 | 134 | |||
| 13778589975 | Operant conditioning, including key terms such as: | 135 | ||
| 13778590102 | 136 | |||
| 13778590041 | • | Positive reinforcement | 137 | |
| 13778590042 | • | Negative reinforcement | 138 | |
| 13778590043 | • | Positive punishment (aka punishment by application) | 139 | |
| 13778590044 | • | Negative punishment (aka punishment by removal/withdrawal) | 140 | |
| 13778590045 | • | Schedules of reinforcement | 141 | |
| 13778590103 | 142 | |||
| 13778589976 | Key terms, such as: | 143 | ||
| 13778590104 | 144 | |||
| 13778590046 | • | Observational learning | 145 | |
| 13778590047 | • | Shaping | 146 | |
| 13778590048 | • | Habituation | 147 | |
| 13778590049 | • | Primary Reinforcer | 148 | |
| 13778590050 | • | Secondary Reinforcer | 149 | |
| 13778590051 | • | Latent earning | 150 | |
| 13778590105 | 151 | |||
| 13778589977 | Contributions of researchers, such as: | 152 | ||
| 13778590106 | 153 | |||
| 13778590052 | • | Bandura | 154 | |
| 13778590053 | • | Pavlov | 155 | |
| 13778590054 | • | Skinner | 156 | |
| 13778590055 | • | Thorndike | 157 | |
| 13778590056 | • | Watson | 158 | |
| 13778590107 | 159 | |||
| 13778589978 | Unit 7 - Cognition (8-10%) | 160 | ||
| 13778589979 | Key concepts, such as: | 161 | ||
| 13778590108 | 162 | |||
| 13778590057 | • | Proactive interference | 163 | |
| 13778590058 | • | Retroactive interference | 164 | |
| 13778590059 | • | Anterograde amnesia | 165 | |
| 13778590060 | • | Retrograde amnesia | 166 | |
| 13778590061 | • | Availability heuristic | 167 | |
| 13778590062 | • | Representativeness heuristic | 168 | |
| 13778590063 | • | Confirmation bias | 169 | |
| 13778590064 | • | Serial positon effect | 170 | |
| 13778590065 | • | Mental set | 171 | |
| 13778590066 | • | Functional fixedness | 172 | |
| 13778590067 | • | Repression | 173 | |
| 13778590068 | • | Encoding failure | 174 | |
| 13778590069 | • | Hindsight bias | 175 | |
| 13778590070 | • | Morphemes | 176 | |
| 13778590071 | • | Phonemes | 177 | |
| 13778590072 | • | Convergent thinking | 178 | |
| 13778590073 | • | Divergent thinking | 179 | |
| 13778590109 | 180 | |||
| 13778589980 | Contributions of key researchers, such as: | 181 | ||
| 13778590110 | 182 | |||
| 13778590074 | • | Broca | 183 | |
| 13778590075 | • | Chomsky | 184 | |
| 13778590076 | • | Ebbinghaus | 185 | |
| 13778590077 | • | Loftus | 186 | |
| 13778590078 | • | Sperling | 187 | |
| 13778590079 | • | Wernicke | 188 | |
| 13778590080 | • | Whorf | 189 | |
| 13778590111 | 190 | |||
| 13778589981 | Unit 8 - Motivation and Emotion (6-8%) | 191 | ||
| 13778589982 | Key concepts, such as: | 192 | ||
| 13778590112 | 193 | |||
| 13778590081 | • | Homeostasis | 194 | |
| 13778590082 | • | Drive-reduction theory | 195 | |
| 13778590083 | • | Intrinsic motivation | 196 | |
| 13778590084 | • | Extrinsic motivation | 197 | |
| 13778590085 | • | Internal locus of control | 198 | |
| 13778590086 | • | External locus of control | 199 | |
| 13778590087 | • | Maslow's hierarchy of needs | 200 | |
| 13778590088 | • | Type A personality | 201 | |
| 13778596518 | • | Type B personality | 202 | |
| 13778596519 | • | Hypothalamus (including ventromedial and lateral) | 203 | |
| 13778596616 | 204 | |||
| 13778596645 | Contributions of key researchers, such as: | 205 | ||
| 13778596617 | 206 | |||
| 13778596520 | • | Ekman | 207 | |
| 13778596521 | • | Maslow | 208 | |
| 13778596522 | • | James-Lang | 209 | |
| 13778596523 | • | Cannon-Bard | 210 | |
| 13778596524 | • | Schachter-Singer | 211 | |
| 13778596525 | • | Zajonc-LeDoux | 212 | |
| 13778596526 | • | Selye | 213 | |
| 13778596618 | 214 | |||
| 13778596646 | Unit 9 - Developmental Psychology (7-9%) | 215 | ||
| 13778596647 | Contributions of key researchers, such as: | 216 | ||
| 13778596619 | 217 | |||
| 13778596527 | • | Ainsworth | 218 | |
| 13778596528 | • | Baumrind | 219 | |
| 13778596529 | • | Erikson | 220 | |
| 13778596530 | • | Gilligan | 221 | |
| 13778596531 | • | Kohlberg | 222 | |
| 13778596532 | • | Piaget | 223 | |
| 13778596620 | 224 | |||
| 13778596648 | Key terms, such as: | 225 | ||
| 13778596621 | 226 | |||
| 13778596533 | • | Parenting styles | 227 | |
| 13778596534 | • | Piaget's stages | 228 | |
| 13778596535 | • | Accommodation | 229 | |
| 13778596536 | • | Assimilation | 230 | |
| 13778596537 | • | Imprinting | 231 | |
| 13778596538 | • | Object permanence | 232 | |
| 13778596539 | • | Theory of mind | 233 | |
| 13778596622 | 234 | |||
| 13778596649 | Unit 10 - Personality (5-7%) | 235 | ||
| 13778596650 | Theories of personality development, such as: | 236 | ||
| 13778596623 | 237 | |||
| 13778596540 | • | Trait theory | 238 | |
| 13778596541 | • | Psychoanalytic theory | 239 | |
| 13778596542 | • | Humanistic theory | 240 | |
| 13778596543 | • | Social-cognitive | 241 | |
| 13778596544 | • | Big 5 | 242 | |
| 13778596624 | 243 | |||
| 13778596651 | Tests of personality, such as: | 244 | ||
| 13778596625 | 245 | |||
| 13778596545 | • | MMPI | 246 | |
| 13778596546 | • | Rorschach | 247 | |
| 13778596547 | • | TAT | 248 | |
| 13778596548 | • | WAIS | 249 | |
| 13778596626 | 250 | |||
| 13778596652 | Contributions of key researchers to the study of personality, such as: | 251 | ||
| 13778596627 | 252 | |||
| 13778596549 | • | Eysenck | 253 | |
| 13778596550 | • | Freud | 254 | |
| 13778596551 | • | Bandura | 255 | |
| 13778596552 | • | Rogers | 256 | |
| 13778596628 | 257 | |||
| 13778596653 | Key terms, such as: | 258 | ||
| 13778596629 | 259 | |||
| 13778596553 | • | Self | 260 | |
| 13778596554 | • | Self-esteem | 261 | |
| 13778596555 | • | Self-efficacy | 262 | |
| 13778596556 | • | Self-actualization | 263 | |
| 13778596630 | 264 | |||
| 13778596654 | Unit 11 - Testing and Individual Differences (5-7%) | 265 | ||
| 13778596655 | Types of tests, including: | 266 | ||
| 13778596631 | 267 | |||
| 13778596557 | • | Intelligence - calculating IQ and the normal curve as it relates to IQ | 268 | |
| 13778596558 | • | Achievement | 269 | |
| 13778596559 | • | Aptitude | 270 | |
| 13778596632 | 271 | |||
| 13778596656 | Contributions of key researchers, such as: | 272 | ||
| 13778596633 | 273 | |||
| 13778596560 | • | Binet | 274 | |
| 13778596561 | • | Gardner | 275 | |
| 13778596562 | • | Spearman | 276 | |
| 13778596563 | • | Terman | 277 | |
| 13778596564 | • | Weschler | 278 | |
| 13778596634 | 279 | |||
| 13778596657 | Key terms, such as: | 280 | ||
| 13778596565 | • | Savant syndrome | 281 | |
| 13778596658 | Unit 12 - Abnormal Behavior (7-9%) | 282 | ||
| 13778596659 | Perspectives for understanding different disorders, such as: | 283 | ||
| 13778596635 | 284 | |||
| 13778596566 | • | Biological | 285 | |
| 13778596567 | • | Cognitive | 286 | |
| 13778596568 | • | Learning (behavioral) | 287 | |
| 13778596569 | • | Psychoanalytical | 288 | |
| 13778596570 | • | Social (social-cognitive) | 289 | |
| 13778596636 | 290 | |||
| 13778596660 | Disorders and their symptoms, such as: | 291 | ||
| 13778596637 | 292 | |||
| 13778596571 | • | Mood disorders | 293 | |
| 13778596572 | • | Bipolar | 294 | |
| 13778596573 | • | Major depressive disorder | 295 | |
| 13778596574 | • | Anxiety disorders | 296 | |
| 13778596575 | • | GAD | 297 | |
| 13778596576 | • | OCD | 298 | |
| 13778596577 | • | Panic disorder | 299 | |
| 13778596578 | • | Phobias | 300 | |
| 13778596579 | • | Dissociative disorders | 301 | |
| 13778596580 | • | DID | 302 | |
| 13778596581 | • | Somatoform disorders | 303 | |
| 13778596582 | • | Conversion disorder | 304 | |
| 13778596583 | • | Psychotic disorders | 305 | |
| 13778596584 | • | Schizophrenia (positive and negative symptoms) | 306 | |
| 13778596638 | 307 | |||
| 13778596661 | Unit 13 - Treatment of Abnormal Behavior (5-7%) | 308 | ||
| 13778596662 | Perspectives for understanding different treatment options, such as | 309 | ||
| 13778596639 | 310 | |||
| 13778596585 | • | Biological | 311 | |
| 13778596586 | • | Cognitive | 312 | |
| 13778596587 | • | Learning (behavioral) | 313 | |
| 13778596588 | • | Psychoanalytical | 314 | |
| 13778596589 | • | Social (social-cognitive) | 315 | |
| 13778596640 | 316 | |||
| 13778596663 | Specific therapy types/techniques and how they work, such as: | 317 | ||
| 13778596641 | 318 | |||
| 13778596590 | • | Humanistic therapy characteristics | 319 | |
| 13778596591 | • | Behavioral therapy types (based on principles of classical and operant conditioning) | 320 | |
| 13778596592 | • | Cognitive therapy types | 321 | |
| 13778596593 | • | Group therapy | 322 | |
| 13778596594 | • | Biomedical, such as ECT | 323 | |
| 13778596595 | • | Psychopharmacology (types of drugs and how they work) | 324 | |
| 13778596642 | 325 | |||
| 13778596664 | Unit 14 - Social Psychology (8-10%) | 326 | ||
| 13778596665 | Key terminology, such as: | 327 | ||
| 13778596643 | 328 | |||
| 13778596596 | • | Altruism | 329 | |
| 13778596597 | • | Bystander effect | 330 | |
| 13778596598 | • | Companionate and passionate love | 331 | |
| 13778596599 | • | Conformity | 332 | |
| 13778596600 | • | Deindividuation | 333 | |
| 13778596601 | • | Foot-in-the-door phenomenon | 334 | |
| 13778596602 | • | GRIT | 335 | |
| 13778596603 | • | Group norms | 336 | |
| 13778596604 | • | Group polarization | 337 | |
| 13778596605 | • | In-group and out-group biases | 338 | |
| 13778596606 | • | Mere-exposure effect | 339 | |
| 13778596607 | • | Normative and informational social influence | 340 | |
| 13778596608 | • | Peripheral and central route persuasion | 341 | |
| 13778596609 | • | Reciprocity norm | 342 | |
| 13778596610 | • | Self-fulfilling prophesy | 343 | |
| 13778596611 | • | Social-exchange theory | 344 | |
| 13778596612 | • | Social facilitation | 345 | |
| 13778596613 | • | Social loafing | 346 | |
| 13778596666 | Superordinate goals | 347 | ||
| 13778596667 | Asch | 348 | ||
| 13778596614 | • | Milgram | 349 | |
| 13778596615 | • | Zimbardo | 350 |