Introduction to Forensic Science Flashcards

10486982796	Forensic Science	The application of science to criminal and civil laws.	0
10486982798	Dr. Leone Lattes	Discovered a way to analyze dried blood into blood groupings	1
10486982799	Alphonse Bertillon	Devised the first scientific system of personal identification called anthropometry.	2
10486982800	Francis Galton	Conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification.	3
10486982801	Sherlock Holmes	fictional character who first popularized scientific crime detection.	4
10486982802	Crime labs	Facilities specifically dedicated to forensic analysis of criminal evidence.	5
10486982803	major federal crime lab	FBI	6
10486982804	Physical Science Unit	Principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology use chemical tests and modern analytical instrumentation to examine drugs, glass, paint, explosives, and soil.	7
10486982805	Biology Unit	analyzes DNA , DNA profiling,detection of dried blood stains, body fluids, hair and fiber comparison and botanical identification	8
10486982806	Firearms Unit	Examines discharged bullets, cartridge cases, shotgun shells and ammunition.	9
10486982807	Document Examination Unit	Studies handwriting and typewriting on questionable documents, also may analyze paper or ink.	10
10486982808	Photography Unit	Examines and records physical evidence. Prepares photographic evidence for courtrooms.	11
10486982809	Toxicology Unit	Examines body fluids and organs to determine presence or absence or poisons and drugs. This is frequently done by the medical examiner's office.	12
10486982810	Latent Fingerprint Unit	Examines evidence for prints.	13
10486982811	Polygraph Unit	used by criminal investigators, not typically by forensic scientists , due to inadmissibility to the courts - it is supposed to detect lies	14
10486982812	Voiceprint Analysis Unit	Specialize in voice identification, look at a graphic representation of a voice.	15
10486982813	Crime-scene Investigation Unit	Specially trained personnel to collect and preserve physical evidence to be processed at the lab.	16
10486982815	the Chinese	Among the first recognize fingerprints as a means of identfication	17
10486982816	CSI Effect	The simplification of forensic scientific procedures creating unrealistic expectations of the validity and clarity of forensic evidence	18
10486982817	Forensic Computer and Digital Analysis	Identifying, collecting, preserving, and examining info from computers or cell phones.	19
10486982818	Expert Witness	An individual whom the court determines to possess a particular skill of knowledge in a trade or profession that is not expected of the average layperson and that will aid a court in determining the truth.	20
10486982819	Three basic functions of a forensic scientist	1. Analyze physical evidence 2. Provide expert testimony 3. Furnishing training in the proper recognition, collection and preservation of physical evidence	21
10486982820	Edmond Locard	Pioneered the first crime lab.	22
10486982821	Physical Evidence	Any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator.	23
10486982822	Locard's Exchange Principle.	When two objects come into contact with each other, a cross-transfer of materials will occur.	24
10486982823	DNA Fingerprinting. DNA Profiling, DNA Typing	Revolutionized the practice of forensic science in the lab establishing the precise identity of a suspect.	25
10486982824	Computerized Data Bases	.A significant development aiding in the identification of fingerprints, bullet markings, shell casings, and DNA by comparing thousands of pieces of evidence quickly.	26
10486982825	Los Angeles Police Department 1923	The oldest forensic crime lab in the United States.	27
10486982826	FBI	Under the direction of J Edgar Hoover this crime lab was established and to be used Nationally.	28
10486982827	Crime Lab Development	Due to Criminal Rights, The increasing demand of case work, and the right of the criminal to immediate legal advice	29
10486982829	Scientific Method	Collection of evidence that adheres to strict guidelines that ensure careful and systemic collection, organization, and analysis of information by this method	30
10486982830	FRYE STANDARD	Courts ruled that the procedure, technique, or principles must be generally accepted, by a meaningful segment of a scientific community.	31
10486982832	Daubert Ruling	That trial judges have the responsibility for acting as the "Gatekeeper" for the admissibility of evidence in their court.	32
10486982833	Inquiry	Analysis of physical evidence by constantly testing a hypothesis through experimentation. This questioning is	33
10486982834	Anthropology	The taking of a series of body measurements to aid in distinguishing one person from another	34
10486982835	Mathieu Orfila	investigated and published a treatise on the effects of toxins on animals by chemical analysis - also the father of forensics	35