Forensic Science Exam 1 Flashcards

12677366420	Mathieu Orfila	Father of Forensic Toxicology perfected the Marsh test to test for poison and their effects famous from 1840 Marie Lafarge arsenic case	0
12677378797	Alphonse Bertillion	Father of Criminal Identification developed body measuring system to classify captured criminals that was used until the Will West Identical twin incident	1
12677394437	Francis Galton	developed the method of classifying fingerprints first used criminally in the Francis Rojas case in 1892	2
12677404749	1892	First criminal use of fingerprint identification in Franics Rojas case	3
12677411617	Calvin Goddard	developed the method for comparing bullets and their casings with a comparison microscope unique indentations left on the soft metal of a bullet can be traced back to a certain gun	4
12677429265	Albert S. Osborn	a forensic document examiner hand writing analysis first used during the Lindbergh baby kidnapping case	5
12677437277	Walter C. McCrone	premier microscopist proved the Shroud of Turn never enveloped the body of Jesus	6
12677446965	Hans Gross	judge that developed the process of crime scene investigation developed the first detective system	7
12677456660	Edmond Locard	set up the first workable crime lab in France formulated Locards Exchange Principle: every contact leaves a trace	8
12677465455	Karl Landsteiner	discovered that blood can be routed into 4 categories A B AB O	9
12677473181	Leone Lattes	developed a method of bloodtyping from dried blood as well as using the Preciptin test to determine whether blood is human or animal	10
12677492653	Fingerprint Patterns	Plain Arch Tented Arch Radial Loop Ulnar Loop Plain Whorl Central Pocket Whorl Double Loop Accidential Whorl	11
12677508213	loop pattern	ridges flow inward and the recurve in the direction of the origin	12
12677516505	radial	only 5% flow and recourse toward the radius/thumbside of the hand	13
12677523180	ulnar	60% flow and recurve toward the pinkie side	14
12677527840	arches	ridges enter and exit, no deltas	15
12677531850	deltas	curve, triangular ride pattern	16
12677544060	plain arch	wave, rise, and exit smoothly	17
12677544061	whorl	at least 2 delta type divergences with recurving ridges- resembles a bulls eye	18
12677553194	plain whorl	one or more ridges form a complete revolution	19
12677557641	central pocket	form a loop pattern delta connection line will not intersect the center	20
12677566459	double loop	2 separate loops are present	21
12677570253	accidental	random shapes, no conformity, rare	22
12677581185	dermal papillae	formed in the fetal stage and remain the same throughout a lifetime	23
12677584234	latent fingerprints	not visible until dusted	24
12677630992	plastic prints	ridge impressions left on a material	25
12677635462	hard surface detection	powder- grey black, fluorescent, magnetic super glue lighting techniques	26
12677643404	soft surface detection	iodine fuming- nonpermanent visualization ninhydrin- reacts with protein	27
12677665432	Primary Classification	developed by Edward Henry in 1897 first class-action step in the FBI system fingerprint cards can be divided into 1,024 groups	28
12677745981	unbroken cortical intrusions		29
12677791254	DNA	Deoxyribonucleic Acid	30
12677795017	Nucleotide	small subunits of DNA	31
12677802339	3 parts of nucleotide	sugar, phosphate, base	32
12677805482	Four Nitrogen Bases in DNA	thymine, guanin, adenine, cytosine	33
12677817514	Purerings	nitrogen single ring structures of adenine and thymine	34
12677858712	pyridines	nitrogen use of guanine and cytosine	35
12677876349	Crick and Watson	two scientist that discovered the structure of the DNA molecule	36
12677881874	double helix	DNA looks like a ladder twisted	37
12677886681	Phosphate and sugar	tow molecules that make up the sides of the ladder of a DNA molecule	38
12677892622	Bases	molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the ladder	39
12677911746	Chargaffs rules	the percentages of adenine are equal to hose of thymine and the percentages of cytosine are qual to those of guanine in DNA	40
12677918171	hydrogen	holds together nitrogen bases in the center of the molecule	41
12677934510	deoxyribo	type of sugar found in the DNA	42
12677950319	DNA backbones	information sotred within the helix	43
12677956416	DNA molecule	hundreds of millions of base models	44
12677965660	Franklins Photo 51	photo of double helix most famous photo in biology	45
12678070941	nuclear dna	from both parents	46
12678075325	mitochondrial dna	from maternal	47
12678082027	Short Tandem Repeats	evaluate specific regions (loci) within nuclear DNA FBI uses 13 stand specific regions for CODIS	48
12678093717	CODIS	Combined DNA Index System	49
12678103664	DNA Technologies	Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism PCR Analysis STR Analysis Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Y chromosome analysis	50
12678126900	chromosomes	our body way of organizing all the info that our genetic materials contain each pair contains one from mom, one from dad contains 100s to 1000s of genes	51
12678139104	genes	info blocks within chromosomes blueprint for a specific protein in the body dozens of proteins are responsible for synthesis of ATP, digesting food etc	52
12678157424	1991	first paper on Short Tandem repeats	53
12678165921	1998	FBI launches combined DNA Index System CODIS	54
12678172426	1988	FBI starts DNA casework	55
12678177700	nucleotide		56
12760050416	Alexander Weiner	worked with rhesus monkeys to notice a type of red cell protein	57
12760057625	Rh	85 percent of the population has the protein	58
12760062976	blood type	based on the presence or absence of the AB and Rh proteins	59
12760110554	1814	scientific paper on poison by Methieu Orfila	60
12760113750	1823	whorls, eclipses, and triangles identified by Jan Evangelista	61
12760118016	1836	a method for identifying arsenic poisoning was discovered	62
12760124562	1879	a system of body measurements for identification was created by Bertillion	63
12760131656	1880	fingerprints used in Tokyo by Henry Fooled Sherlock Holmes was written	64
12760138783	1889	bullets matched to gun they were fired from	65
12760142777	1892	first criminal use of fingerprint identification in the Francis Rojas case	66
12760147362	1901	human blood groups identified	67
12760150305	1903	NYCPD begin fingerprint files	68
12760156023	1910	first forensic lab in France by Edmund Locard	69
12760160701	1923	first forensic lab in the U.S in the LA	70
12760163932	1930	Nation fingerprint file est. by the FBI	71
12760167364	1987	first time DNA evidence was used in the U.S to convict	72
12760184140	passive blood drops	often the largest	73
12760186481	contact stains	smears and wipes of something that came into contact with the blood	74
12760190830	splatter	the separation and breaking apart of blood	75
12760197765	2-3 blood drops	1 billion red blood cells for every 600 red there are 40 platelets and one white	76
12760203599	dog	undeveloped red blood cells- look similar to human	77
12760207576	locus	the physical position of an STR	78
12760226646	hair can determine	human or animal race origin (body part) how it was removed treated hair drugs ingested	79
12760233548	trace evidence	any small pieces of material, manmade, or natural hair and fiber are the most common	80
12760244078	hair shaft	contains mitochondrial DNA- can be typed by comparing relatives	81
12760247879	hair root/follicle	only part of hair that contains nuclear DNA- actively growing	82
12760251821	amagen	phase wehre hair grows	83
12760254521	catagen	transition between active and loss stage- slowed growth	84
12760258666	telogen	final phase resulting in hair loss	85
12760262083	hair cuticle	outermost layer of hair, covered in scales, the scales point toward the tip of the hair	86
12760266425	scale patterns	mosaic pectinate imbricate petal diamond chevron	87
12760271764	hair cortex	give hair its shape and color pigmentation	88
12760275018	hair medulla	hair core that isn't always present, comes in types and patterns if large, it is most likely an animal hair isn't always present in the core	89
12760278717	medulla types	uniserial multi serial vacuolated lattice amorphous (w/o pattern)	90
12760307383	basal layer	grows quicker than the layers around it , causing it to collapse and fall in on itself, creating ridings in-between the other layers	91
12760376163	agglutination	clumping of molecules or cells caused by an antigen antibody reaction	92
12760380319	antibodies	proteins secreted by white blood cells that attach to antigens	93
12760392483	cell surface proteins	proteins embedded in the cell membrane	94
12760397508	antigens	any foreign substance or cell in the body that reacts with antibodies	95
12760403134	red blood cells	carry oxygen throughout the body	96
12760410522	satellite	secondary drop formed when blood breaks free from the main contact drop of blood	97
12760416811	white blood cells	cells that police the body by destroying foreign materials	98
12760458504	ten card	form used to record and preserve a persons fingerprints	99
12760479026	class evidence	material that connects an individual or thing to a certain group	100
12760494374	individual evidence	a kind of evidence that identifies a particular person or thing	101
12760501194	keratin	a type of fibrous protein that makes up the majority of the cortex of a hair	102
12760505428	trace evidence	small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene	103
12760522040	fingerprinting clarity	1- vague pattern 2- detail 3- ridges	104
12760528538	AFIS	plot points to create a mathematical system over prints	105
12761029185	Rh	represented by the +	106
12761038697	donor/reciever	- can't get + + can get -	107
12761041915	AB	universal reciever	108
12761045389	O	universal donor	109
12761049757	clumping	positive blood type match	110
12761049759	A	anti B	111
12761052221	B	anti A	112