Forensic Science Chapter 2 Flashcards

7678286187	Upon arrival at the crime scene the first responding police officer to a crime scene is responsible for..	1. Acquiring medical assistance for injured victims 2. Detaining any potential suspects or witnesses 3. Securing the crime scene to the greatest extent possible 4. Calling for any additional personnel needs such as other officers and or forensic investigators	0
7678346913	The boundaries of a crime scene must be secured	crime scene tape, ropes, or cones	1
7678481047	Three methods for crime scene recording	Photography, sketches, and notes	2
7678489332	The crime scene notes should begin with	The identity of person who contacted the investigator Time of contact and arrival at the crime scene Preliminary case information Personnel present on arrival and those being contacted	3
7678880106	Digital Photography	made when a light sensitive microchip captures light on each of millions of tiny picture elements called pixels	4
7679000976	Visual Tag	an object recorded in multiple overview photographs, to help visually piece the scene together	5
7679011177	Medium-Range Photographs	show the layout of similar significant areas of the crime scene. Taken with evidence markers	6
7679029004	Close up photographs	taken last and show greater detail of individual objects or evidence. Taken at 90 angel to the object with and without evidence markers and scales	7
7679169475	Walkthrough	initial survey of the crime scene 1. perpetrators point of entry and exit 2.indirect path is taken to the center of crime scene 3. obvious items of evidence are located document 4. The conditions of the scene are observed and recorded	8
7679228710	Line/Strip Search Pattern	one or two investigators start at the boundary of the crime scene and search to the other side of the crime scene	9
7679237995	Grid Search Pattern	Two or more investigators form a grid by searching in line patterns that overlap and are perpendicular to each other	10
7679249716	Spiral Search	One investigator searches in a spiral path from the center of the crime scene to the boundary	11
7679258459	Wheel/Ray Pattern	Several investigators search in straight lines from the center to the boundary	12
7679284263	Quadrant/Zone Search Pattern	the crime scene is divided into smaller sections (zones). One or more investigators are assigned to search each zone	13
7679297684	Vehicle Searches	investigators search interior and exterior of vehicle	14
7679306955	Crime Scene Sketches	clearly show the layout of a crime scene	15
7679330224	Computer-Aided Drafting	programs to create the finished sketch. Allows for the creation of three-dimensional finished sketches	16
7679465557	Druggist Fold	Small amounts of trace evidence can also be conveniently packaged in a carefully folded paper	17
7679487863	Biological or bloodstained materials are stored in _______	airtight containers	18
7679503985	When can contamination occur	either by introducing foreign DNA through coughing or sneezing onto evidence or if items of evidence are incorrectly placed in contact with each other during packaging	19
7679512440	Chain of Custody	a list of all persons who came into possession of an item of evidence	20
7679517822	Standard/Reference Sample	physical evidence whose origin is known, such as blood or hair from a suspect, that can be compared to crime-scene evidence	21
7679535266	Fourth Amendment	The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizure, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized	22
7679546700	The United States Supreme Court has determined that search and seizure without a court-approved warrant is justified in four cases	1 The existence of emergency circumstances 2 The need to prevent the immediate loss or destruction of evidence 3 A search of a person and property within the immediate control of the person provided it is made incident to a lawful arrest 4 A search made by consent of the parties involved	23
7679555516	Mincey v Arizona	the Court dealt with the legality of a four-day search at a homicide scene and determined that the evidence was illegally seized because a warrant was never issued and the circumstances of the case did not justify a warrantless search.	24
7679558312	Michigan v Tyler	fire destroyed a business establishment leased by Loren Tyler and a business partner. The court decided that evidence obtained from the initial search was legally seized, but evidence obtained from searches 4, 7, and 24 days after the incident were illegally seized.	25