Forensic Science Flashcards

13910878952	Arraignment	The first act in a criminal proceeding, where the defendant is brought before court to hear charges and enter a plea	0
13910878953	Bail	Money put up to guarantee that the defendant will appear in court Bondsman fee 10% then hire bounty hunters if jump bail	1
13910883313	Ballistics	Science that deals with motion, behavior, and the effects of projectiles (most often firearms and bullets)	2
13910883314	Booking	A police procedure following arrest that requests basic information about the suspect, a photograph, fingerprints, and perhaps a lineup	3
13910890222	Case Law or Common Law	The body of law made up of judicial opinions and precedents	4
13910913126	Civil Law	Deals with noncriminal suits brought to protect or preserve a civil or private right or matter	5
13910913127	Criminal Law	Regulation and enforcement of rights setting acceptable limits of conduct in a society	6
13910931674	Criminalistics	The examination of physical evidence. The term "forensics" may also include the broader areas of investigation (such as pathology)	7
13910931675	Daubert Ruling	Updated revision of Frye Standard Endorses Scientific Method, hypothesis testing, estimates of error rates, peer-reviewed articles, & general acceptance	8
13910935628	Evidence	Anything that tends to prove or disprove a fact. Evidence tends to be documents, testimony, or other objects	9
13910935629	Expert Witness	Witness who is a specialist in a subject (often technical) gives opinion without witnessing occurrences related to the trial	10
13910939344	Felony	A serious crime, such as murder, punishable by more than 1 year of imprisonment up to execution	11
13910942550	Frye Standard	"general acceptance" test What scientific evidence is admissible? Applies to new science	12
13910942551	Grand Jury	A group of people sworn to inquire into crime and, if appropriate, bring accusations (indictments) against the suspected criminals	13
13910945474	Hearsay	Testimony given by a witness who relates what others have said (not what she heard, saw, or knew personally) Credibility problem Hearsay exception in civil suits	14
13910945475	Indict	To formally accuse a person of a crime	15
13910947908	Infraction	Violation of a rule or law that is not punishable by prison	16
13910947941	Junk Science	Theories based on distorted, flawed, or untested hypothesis (not scientific method)	17
13910955303	Material	In evidence law, relevant and significant. A material witness has information about the subject.	18
13910960720	Miranda Rights or Miranda Warning	Rights guaranteed by the Constitution that the police must tell arrestees about, especially the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney	19
13910963266	Misdemeanor	A minor crime, less than a felony, usually punished with a fine or confinement other than prison	20
13910967281	Nolo Contendere	In a criminal lawsuit, a defendant neither admits nor denies a crime but accepts punishment as though he or she were guilty	21
13910967282	Pathology	Investigation of sudden, unexplained, or violent death	22
13910972402	Plea Bargain	An agreement in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge and the prosecutor in return drops more serious charges to avoid the cost and time of the trial	23
13910979890	Preliminary or Evidentiary Hearing	A hearing before a magistrate or a judge to determine whether a person charged with a crime should be held for trial (also called preliminary examination)	24
13910983998	Probable Cause	Situation in which a reasonable and prudent person, viewing the available information, would conclude that a crime has been committed and that the suspect did it	25
13910983999	Probative	In evidence law, tending to prove something	26
13910989295	Stare Decisis	Latin for "to stand by the decision" Meaning legal decisions are to be followed	27
13910993099	Statutory Law	Legislative acts declaring, commanding, or prohibiting something	28
13910997723	Violation	Breach of a right, duty, or law	29