Ch 1. Introduction to Forensic Science Flashcards

14136744266	Forensic Science	The application of science to criminal and civil laws.	0
14136744267	Dr. Leone Lattes	Discovered a way to analyze dried blood into blood groupings	1
14136744268	Alphonse Bertillon	Devised the first scientific system of personal identification called anthropometry.	2
14136744269	Francis Galton	Conducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification.	3
14136744270	Sherlock Holmes	fictional character who first popularized scientific crime detection.	4
14136744271	Crime labs	Facilities specifically dedicated to forensic analysis of criminal evidence.	5
14136744272	major federal crime lab	FBI	6
14136744273	Physical Science Unit	Principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology use chemical tests and modern analytical instrumentation to examine drugs, glass, paint, explosives, and soil.	7
14136744274	Biology Unit	analyzes DNA , DNA profiling,detection of dried blood stains, body fluids, hair and fiber comparison and botanical identification	8
14136744275	Firearms Unit	Examines discharged bullets, cartridge cases, shotgun shells and ammunition.	9
14136744276	Document Examination Unit	Studies handwriting and typewriting on questionable documents, also may analyze paper or ink.	10
14136744277	Photography Unit	Examines and records physical evidence. Prepares photographic evidence for courtrooms.	11
14136744278	Toxicology Unit	Examines body fluids and organs to determine presence or absence or poisons and drugs. This is frequently done by the medical examiner's office.	12
14136744279	Latent Fingerprint Unit	Examines evidence for prints.	13
14136744280	Polygraph Unit	used by criminal investigators, not typically by forensic scientists , due to inadmissibility to the courts - it is supposed to detect lies	14
14136744281	Voiceprint Analysis Unit	Specialize in voice identification, look at a graphic representation of a voice.	15
14136744282	Crime-scene Investigation Unit	Specially trained personnel to collect and preserve physical evidence to be processed at the lab.	16
14136744283	the Chinese	Among the first recognize fingerprints as a means of identfication	17
14136744284	CSI Effect	The simplification of forensic scientific procedures creating unrealistic expectations of the validity and clarity of forensic evidence	18
14136744285	Forensic Computer and Digital Analysis	Identifying, collecting, preserving, and examining info from computers or cell phones.	19
14136744286	Expert Witness	An individual whom the court determines to possess a particular skill of knowledge in a trade or profession that is not expected of the average layperson and that will aid a court in determining the truth.	20
14136744287	Three basic functions of a forensic scientist	1. Analyze physical evidence 2. Provide expert testimony 3. Furnishing training in the proper recognition, collection and preservation of physical evidence	21
14136744288	Edmond Locard	Pioneered the first crime lab.	22
14136744289	Physical Evidence	Any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator.	23
14136744290	Locard's Exchange Principle.	When two objects come into contact with each other, a cross-transfer of materials will occur.	24
14136744291	DNA Fingerprinting. DNA Profiling, DNA Typing	Revolutionized the practice of forensic science in the lab establishing the precise identity of a suspect.	25
14136744292	Computerized Data Bases	.A significant development aiding in the identification of fingerprints, bullet markings, shell casings, and DNA by comparing thousands of pieces of evidence quickly.	26
14136744293	Los Angeles Police Department 1923	The oldest forensic crime lab in the United States.	27
14136744294	FBI	Under the direction of J Edgar Hoover this crime lab was established and to be used Nationally.	28
14136744295	Crime Lab Development	Due to Criminal Rights, The increasing demand of case work, and the right of the criminal to immediate legal advice	29
14136744296	Scientific Method	Collection of evidence that adheres to strict guidelines that ensure careful and systemic collection, organization, and analysis of information by this method	30
14136744297	FRYE STANDARD	Courts ruled that the procedure, technique, or principles must be generally accepted, by a meaningful segment of a scientific community.	31
14136744298	Daubert Ruling	That trial judges have the responsibility for acting as the "Gatekeeper" for the admissibility of evidence in their court.	32
14136744299	Inquiry	Analysis of physical evidence by constantly testing a hypothesis through experimentation. This questioning is	33
14136744300	Anthropology	The taking of a series of body measurements to aid in distinguishing one person from another	34
14136744301	Mathieu Orfila	investigated and published a treatise on the effects of toxins on animals by chemical analysis - also the father of forensics	35