AP Biology - Energy & Enzymes Flashcards
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| 10852486208 | metabolism | The sum of the building & breaking reactions occurring in cells | 0 | |
| 10852486209 | catabolic pathways | Series of reactions that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds. |  | 1 |
| 10852486210 | anabolic pathways | Series of reactions that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones. |  | 2 |
| 10852486211 | bioenergenetics | The study of how organisms manage their energy resources. |  | 3 |
| 10852486212 | kinetic energy | Energy associated with relative motion of objects. |  | 4 |
| 10852486213 | thermal energy | Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of molecules or atoms. (heat) |  | 5 |
| 10852486214 | potential energy | Stored energy. |  | 6 |
| 10852486215 | first law of thermodynamics | Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. |  | 7 |
| 10852486216 | entropy | A measure of disorder or randomness. Tends to increase in the universe. |  | 8 |
| 10852486217 | second law of thermodynamics | Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. |  | 9 |
| 10852486218 | free energy | Measures the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell. |  | 10 |
| 10852486219 | endergonic reaction | Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings. |  | 11 |
| 10852486220 | exergonic reaction | Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy. |  | 12 |
| 10852486221 | energy coupling | The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one. |  | 13 |
| 10852486222 | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | Composed of a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it. |  | 14 |
| 10852486223 | phosphorylation | The metabolic process of introducing a phosphate group into an organic molecule. |  | 15 |
| 10852486224 | catalyst | A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |  | 16 |
| 10852486225 | enzyme | Protein that speeds up reactions. Typically end in "ase" (ex. Peroxidase, Lipase) |  | 17 |
| 10852486226 | activation energy | The amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier. |  | 18 |
| 10852486227 | enzyme-substrate complex | When an enzyme binds to its substrate, it forms: |  | 19 |
| 10852486228 | active site | A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme where a substrate can bind. |  | 20 |
| 10852486229 | induced fit model | States that the enzyme and substrate undergo conformational changes to interact fully with one another (as opposed to "Lock & Key" |  | 21 |
| 10852486230 | cofactor | Inorganic metal ion helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate. |  | 22 |
| 10852486231 | coenzyme | Non-protein Organic helpers that may be bound tightly to the enzyme as a permanent resident, or may bind loosely and reversibly along with the substrate. |  | 23 |
| 10852486232 | competitive inhibitors | Reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites. |  | 24 |
| 10852486233 | noncompetitive inhibitors | Impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme (other than the active site). |  | 25 |
| 10852486234 | feedback inhibition/negative feedback | A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway. |  | 26 |
| 10852486235 | saturated enzyme | Describes an enzyme's maximum activity when every active site is being used. | 27 | |
| 10852486236 | substrate | The reactant that an enzyme binds with to form product. | | 28 |
| 10852486237 | Chemical Energy | Potential energy trapped in molecular bonds. |  | 29 |
| 10852486238 | Spontaneous Reaction | When a reaction doesn't require energy to proceed it is said to be this - doesn't mean it will be FAST. | 30 |