AP Psychology History & Approaches Flashcards
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| 8817921771 | empiricism/empirical methods | Information is collected by objective observations and experimentation using the scientific method. |  | 0 |
| 8817921772 | structuralism | An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind (WUNDT, TITCHENER). |  | 1 |
| 8817921773 | functionalism | A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish (JAMES). |  | 2 |
| 8817921774 | behaviorism/behavioral perspective | A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior (LEARNING, REWARDS, PUNISHERS) |  | 3 |
| 8817921775 | humanistic perspective | Perspective that emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth (NEEDS, SELF-ACTUALIZATION) |  | 4 |
| 8817921776 | biological/biopsychological perspective | Looking at the physical and genetic determines of behavior (BRAIN, BODY, GENES, HORMONES) |  | 5 |
| 8817921777 | psychology | Scientific study of behavior and mental processes | 6 | |
| 8817921778 | nature-nurture issue | The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors |  | 7 |
| 8817921779 | Survival of the Fittest (Natural Selection) | Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully (related to evolutionary approach) |  | 8 |
| 8817921780 | biopsychosocial approach | An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis (ECLECTIC) |  | 9 |
| 8817921781 | evolutionary perspective | A relatively new specialty in psychology that sees behavior and mental processes in terms of their genetic adaptations for survival and reproduction (SURVIVAL VALUE, OFFSPRING) |  | 10 |
| 8817921782 | psychodynamic/psychoanalytic perspective | A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders (UNCONSCIOUS, CHILDHOOD) |  | 11 |
| 8817921783 | cognitive perspective | an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes (THINKING!) |  | 12 |
| 8817921784 | social-cultural perspective | the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking (SOCIETY, CULTURE, GROUPS) |  | 13 |
| 8817921785 | psychometrics | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits |  | 14 |
| 8817921786 | basic research | Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. |  | 15 |
| 8817921787 | developmental psychology | A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span |  | 16 |
| 8817921788 | educational psychology | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning |  | 17 |
| 8817921789 | personality psychology | the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting | 18 | |
| 8817921790 | social psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | 19 | |
| 8817921791 | applied psychology | The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems, e.g., a psychologist who works directly with a client with problems is considered an applied psychologist | 20 | |
| 8817921792 | industrial-organizational psychology | application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces (HR help, employee incentive programs) |  | 21 |
| 8817921793 | human factors psychology | A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use (psychology + engineering) |  | 22 |
| 8817921794 | counseling psychology | A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being |  | 23 |
| 8817921795 | clinical psychology | A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |  | 24 |
| 8817921796 | psychiatry | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical/drug treatments as well as psychological therapy. Medical degree M.D. |  | 25 |
| 8817921797 | 1879 | Year psychology became a science. First lab opened by father of psychology Wilhelm Wundt! |  | 26 |
| 8817921798 | Mary Calkins | Denied Harvard PhD, but became first female head of American Psychological Association. |  | 27 |
| 8817921799 | Margaret Floy Washburn | First women to get a PhD in psychology. |  | 28 |
| 8817921800 | Gestalt psychology | Focuses on how we organize the world around us - perception. We create order out of chaos and make things "whole". |  | 29 |
| 8817921801 | Sigmund Freud | Most famous psychologist of all time. Developed the psychoanalytic approach. Ideas heavily influenced by Darwin. |  | 30 |
| 8817921802 | John Locke | Nurture. "tabula rasa" - we are born a blank slate. |  | 31 |
| 8817921803 | Plato and Socrates | Knowledge is inborn/innate (NATURE) |  | 32 |
| 8817921804 | Aristotle | Knowledge comes from experience (NURTURE) |  | 33 |