AP Literature Poetry Terms Flashcards

7184189505	alliteration	the repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds, normally at the beginnings of words.	0
7184190047	allusion	a reference in a work of literature to something outside the work, especially to a well-known historical or literary event, person, or work	1
7184194482	antithesis	a figure of speech characterized by strongly contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas; a balancing of one term against another for emphasis or stylistic effectiveness	2
7184196336	apostrophe	a figure of speech in which someone -- usually absent --, some abstract quality, or a nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present	3
7184197882	assonance	the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds	4
7184198118	ballad meter	a four-line stanza rhymed "abcd" with four feet in lines one and three and three feet in lines two and four	5
7184200854	blank verse	unrhymed iambic pentameter	6
7184201366	cacophony	a harsh, unpleasant combination of sounds or tones; may be an unconscious flaw in the poet's music, resulting in harshness of sound or difficulty of articulation, or it may be used consciously for effect	7
7184203996	caesura	a pause, usually near the middle of a line of verse, usually indicated by the sense of the line, and often greater than the normal pause	8
7184204907	conceit	an ingenious and fanciful notion or conception, usually expressed through an elaborate analogy, and pointing to a striking parallel between two seemingly dissimilar things; may be a brief metaphor, but also may form the framework of an entire poem	9
7184206931	consonance	the repetition of similar consonant sounds in a group of words	10
7184207607	couplet	a two-line stanza, usually with end-rhymes the same	11
7184208189	devices of sound	the techniques of deploying the sound of words, especially in poetry; among them are rhyme, alliteration, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia; used to create a general effect of pleasant or of discordant sound, to imitate another sound, or to reflect a meaning	12
7184210199	diction	the use of words in a literary work; may be described as formal, informal, or slang	13
7184212579	didactic poem	a poem which is intended primarily to teach a lesson	14
7184214008	dramatic poem	a poem which employs a dramatic form or some element or elements of dramatic techniques as a means of achieving poetic ends, such as dramatic monologue	15
7184216986	elegy	a sustained and formal poem setting forth the poet's meditations upon death or another solemn theme	16
7184217762	end-stopped	a line with a pause at the end such as a period, comma, colon, semicolon, exclamation point, or question mark	17
7184218731	enjambment	the continuation of the sense and grammatical construction from one line of poetry to the next	18
7184219332	extended metaphor	an implied analogy, or comparison, which is carried throughout a stanza or an entire poem	19
7184220475	euphony	a style in which combinations of words pleasant to the ear predominate; opposite of cacophony	20
7184221343	eye rhyme	rhyme that appears correct from spelling, but is half-rhyme or slant rhyme from the pronunciation	21
7184222142	feminine rhyme	a rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed, as waken and forsaken and audition and rendition; sometimes called double rhyme	22
7184223597	figurative language	writing that uses figures of speech such as metaphors, irony, and similes; uses words to mean something other than their literal meaning	23
7184224595	free verse	poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical	24
7184225374	heroic couplet	two end-stopped iambic pentameter lines rhymed aa, bb, cc with the thought usually completed in the two-line unit	25
7184226503	hyperbole	a deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration; may be used for either serious or comic effect	26
7184228002	imagery	the images of a literary work; the sensory details of a work; the figurative language of a work; visual, auditory, or tactile images evoked by the words of a literary work or the images that figurative language evokes	27
7184230179	irony	the contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning	28
7184231693	internal rhyme	rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end	29
7184232783	lyric poem	any poem that presents a single speaker who expresses thoughts and feelings; sonnets and odes or examples	30
7184233575	masculine rhyme	rhyme that falls on the stressed and concluding syllables of the rhyme-words	31
7184234596	metaphor	a figurative use of language in which a comparison is expressed without the use of a comparative term like as, like, or than	32
7184235323	meter	the repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry; emphasizes the musical quality of the language and often relates directly to the subject matter of the poem; each is known as a foot	33
7184238022	metonymy	a figure of speech which is characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself	34
7184239828	mixed metaphors	the mingling of one metaphor with another immediately following with which the first is incongruous	35
7184240243	narrative poem	a non-dramatic poem which tells a story or presents a narrative, whether simple or complex, long or short; epics and ballads are examples	36
7184241116	octave	an eight-line stanza; commonly refers to the first division of an Italian sonnet	37
7184242654	onomatopoeia	the use of words whose sound suggest their meaning	38
7184243235	oxymoron	a form of paradox that combines a pair of contrary terms into a single expression; this combination usually serves the purpose of shocking the reader into awareness	39
7184244486	paradox	a situation or action or feeling that appears to be contradictory but on inspection turns out to be true or at least to make sense	40
7184254679	parallelism	a similar grammatical structure within a line or lines of poetry; characteristic of Asian poetry, notably present in Psalms	41
7184256340	paraphrase	a restatement of an idea in such a way as to retain the meaning while changing the diction and form; often an amplification of the original for the purpose of clarity	42
7184259635	personification	a kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics	43
7184260798	poetic foot	a group of syllables in verse usually consisting of one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables associated with it; most common are iambic, trochaic, anapestic, dactylic, pyrrhic, and spondaic	44
7184263969	pun	a play on words that are identical or similar in sound but have sharply diverse meanings; can have serious as well as humorous uses	45
7184264807	quatrain	a four-line stanza with any combination of rhymes	46
7184265596	refrain	a group of words forming a phrase or sentence and consisting of one or more lines repeated at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza	47
7184266419	rhyme	close similarity or identity of sound between accented syllables occupying corresponding positions in two or more lines of verse; vowels in the accented syllables must be preceded by different consonants	48
7184268695	rhyme royal	a seven-line stanza of iambic pentameter rhymed ababbcc	49
7184269471	rhythm	the recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables; its presence lends both pleasure and heightened emotional response to the listener or reader	50
7184271011	sarcasm	a type of irony in which a person appears to be praising something but is actually insulting it; its purpose is to injure or to hurt	51
7184272201	satire	writing that seeks to arouse a reader's disapproval of an object by ridicule; usually comedy that exposes errors with an eye to correct vice and folly	52
7184273307	scansion	a system for describing the meter of a poem by identifying the number and the type(s) of feet per line; most common types include monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, and octameter	53
7184275203	sestet	a six-line stanza; most commonly refers to the second division of an Italian sonnet	54
7184276093	simile	a directly expressed comparison; a figure of speech comparing two object, usually with like, as, or than	55
7184277350	sonnet	normally a fourteen-line iambic pentameter poem; conventional Italian or Petrarchan type is rhymed abba, abba, cde, cde; English or Shakespearean is rhymed abab, cdcd, efef, gg	56
7184280491	stanza	usually a repeated grouping of three or more lines with the same meter and rhyme scheme	57
7184283062	strategy	the management of language for a specific effect; the planned placing of elements to achieve an effect	58
7184290256	structure	the arrangement of materials within a work; the relationship of the parts of a work to the whole; the logical divisions of a work; most common units are the line and stanza	59
7184291957	style	the mode of expression in language; the characteristic manner of expression of an author	60
7184294854	symbol	something that is simultaneously itself and a sign of something else	61
7184295592	synecdoche	a form of metaphor which in mentioning a part signifies the whole	62
7184296013	syntax	the ordering of words into patterns or sentences	63
7184296298	tercet	a stanza of three lines in which each line ends with the same rhyme	64
7184296848	terza rima	a three-line stanza rhymed aba, bcb, cdc, etc.	65
7184297402	theme	the main thought expressed by a work; the abstract concept which is made concrete through its representation in person, action, and image in the work	66
7184298418	tone	the manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude; the intonation of the voice that expresses meaning; described by adjectives	67
7184299383	understatement	deliberately represents something as being much less than it really is; the opposite of hyperbole	68
7184301991	villanelle	a nineteen-line poem divided into five tercets and a final quatrain; uses only two rhymes which are repeated as follows: aba, aba, aba, aba, aba, abaa; line 1 is repeated entirely to form lines 6, 12, and 18, and line 3 is repeated entirely to form lines 9, 15, and 19; thus, eight of the nineteen lines are refrain	69