Biochemistry Flashcards

14325986492	Macromolecules	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	0
14325994569	Nucleic Acid	macromolecule composed of nucleotides. They transmit and store information in the organism.	1
14326029012	DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.	2
14326031425	RNA	single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose. It gives ribosomes the genetic information from DNA.	3
14326042510	DNA Nucleotides	Cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G)	4
14326047115	RNA nucleotides	adenine(A), cytosine(C), guanine (G), uracil(U)	5
14326050775	Carbohydrates	Macromolecule composed of sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose. They store energy and help in structural support	6
14326053977	Monomers of Carbohydrates	monosaccharides (simple sugars)	7
14326057499	Monomers of Nucleic Acid	Nucleotide (5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base)	8
14326078966	Lipids	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes. They protect vital organs and compose the cell membrane	9
14326085399	Polymers	molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules	10
14326101588	Phospholipids	A molecule that has a hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail. They are the main structure of the cell membrane	11
14326107926	Amino Acids	building blocks of proteins	12
14326110829	Structure of an Amino Acid	an amino group, a carboxylic acid, and a R group (varies for each amino acid)	13
14326114618	R group	a functional group that defines a particular amino acid and gives it special properties.	14
14326117792	Proteins	Made from amino acids. They carry out most of the work in cells. Play a role in the function of the body's tissue and organs.	15
14326132743	Structure of a protein	primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary	16
14326135809	Cohesion	Attraction between molecules of the same substance	17
14326137315	Adhesion	An attraction between molecules of different substances	18
14326149590	Water has a	high specific heat, and this tends to keep body temperature relatively constant.	19
14326151647	Water is the universal	solvent. -water dissolves more substances than any other liquid	20
14326155012	Hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water	21
14326155019	Dehydration Synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.	22
14326158549	Functional groups	chemical groups attached to carbon skeletons that give compounds their functionality	23